Understanding Motor Unit And Muscle Alterations For Neurologic Rehabilitation

Neurological injuries (such as hemispheric stroke and spinal cord injury, etc.) can result in muscle weakness and spasticity. The affected muscles often experience progressive changes in their intrinsic mechanical properties, giving rise to muscle contracture and associated alterations in muscle internal structural changes. The mechanisms behind the changes are multifactorial, including disuse, autonomic changes, peripheral neuropathy, a loss of central motor neuron trophic influences, and/or their combinations. Regardless of the origins of weakness and other changes, it is very important to understand or quantify complex neuromuscular changes after a neurological injury.

Neurological Rehabilitation is the latest volume in the definitive Handbook of Clinical Neurology series. It is the first time that this increasing important subject has been included in the series and this reflects the growing interest and quality of scientific data on topics around neural recovery and the practical applications of new research. The volume will appeal to clinicians from both neurological and rehabilitation backgrounds and contains topics of interest to all members of the multidisciplinary clinical team as well as the neuroscience community. The volume is divided into five key sections. The first is a summary of current research on neural repair, recovery and plasticity. The authors have kept the topics readable for a non-scientific audience and focused on the aspects of basic neuroscience that should be most relevant to clinical practice. The next section covers the basic principles of neurorehabilitation, including excellent chapters on learning and skill acquisition, outcome measurement and functional neuroimaging. The key clinical section comes next and includes updates and reviews on the management of the main neurological disabling physical problems, such as spasticity, pain, sexual functioning and dysphagia. Cognitive, emotional and behavioural problems are just as important and are covered in the next section, with excellent chapters, for example, on memory and management of executive dysfunction. The final part draws the sections on symptom management together by discussing the individual diseases that are most commonly seen in neurorehabilitation and providing an overview of the management of the disability associated with those disorders. The volume is a definitive review of current neurorehabilitation practice and will be valuable to a wide range of clinicians and scientists working in this rapidly developing field. A volume in the Handbook of Clinical Neurology series, which has an unparalleled reputation as the world's most comprehensive source of information in neurology International list of contributors including the leading workers in the field Describes the advances which have occurred in clinical neurology and the neurosciences, their impact on the understanding of neurological disorders and on patient care

Janet Carr and Roberta Shepherd head up a new team of eminent authors for the second edition of this definitive text on neurological physiotherapy. In the first edition, the authors described a model of neurological rehabilitation for individuals with motor dysfunction based on scientific research in the areas of neuromuscular control, biomechanics, motor skill learning, and the link between cognition and action, together with developments in pathology and adaptation. The new edition continues to advance this model while identifying and incorporating the many advances that have occurred in the last decade in the understanding and treatment of adults with neurological conditions, whether caused by accident or disease. Among these advances is the knowledge that the brain retains a plastic potential to reorganize, even in old and/or lesioned brains, and that neural plasticity can be influenced by task-related mental and physical practice in a stimulating environment. There is also an increasing body of knowledge related to the musculoskeletal system’s adaptability and the need to prevent length and stiffness- related changes in muscle contractility, together with loss of aerobic fitness and endurance. There is an expanding body of clinical research that appears to support the model provided here. The training guidelines outlined in Neurological Rehabilitation are based on biomechanical constructs and motor relearning research, applied to enhance brain reorganization and muscle contractility, and encourage functional recovery of the patient. It connects science and clinical practice enabling students and practitioners to develop their knowledge and use new clinical methods based on modern scientific understanding. All chapters have been revised, some with the collaboration of five specialists who are engaged in high level scientific research and clinical practice Biomechanical models are presented to provide a framework for action-specific training and exercise to improve performance Clinical guidelines are science- and evidence-based Emphasis is on new approaches to the delivery of neurological rehabilitation that increase the time spent in mental and physical activity, and the intensity of practice and exercise Up-to-date referencing

neurology A fully updated and authoritative neurology resource The Queen Square Textbook has established itself as a favourite companion to clinical neurosciences training and teaching around the world, whilst retaining its role as an invaluable reference guide for physicians and other healthcare professionals working in neurology, general medicine and related specialties. The book continues to reflect the core values essential to the practice of clinical neurology in the 21st century. The third edition has been extensively revised and updated to take account of the rapid pace of progress in the neurosciences and patient care. Contemporary neurology has been changed by the COVID-19 pandemic, the climate emergency and the growing inequalities in healthcare resources. The new edition has been extensively revised to reflect these challenges and affords a greater emphasis on management and rehabilitation whilst continuing to reflect the coherence of a text produced from a single, closely-knit, centre of excellence. Highlights of the new edition include: An updated approach to clinical examination, decision-making and diagnosis New developments in neuroimmunology, pathology and genetics Neuropalliative care Ethical and legal issues in clinical neurology The latest developments in the understanding and management of stroke, movement disorders, epilepsy, cognitive impairment, multiple sclerosis, infections, myelopathy, anterior horn cell disease, disorders of nerve and muscle, neuro-oncology, neurological disorders of hearing, balance and vision, and the neurological care of critical illness, sleep, neuropsychiatry, pain, autonomic and urological disorders. An emphasis on treatment and rehabilitation of the person with a neurological disease The new edition marks a significant transition to reflect contemporary neurological practice during uncertain times. It mirrors the enormous changes in investigation, diagnosis and treatment that have occurred in recent years whilst maintaining the underlying principle that we do not treat diagnoses but, rather, we care for people affected by neurological disease.

Using a problem-solving approach based on clinical evidence, Neurological Rehabilitation, 6th Edition covers the therapeutic management of people with functional movement limitations and quality of life issues following a neurological event. It reviews basic theory and covers the latest screening and diagnostic tests, new treatments, and interventions commonly used in today's clinical practice. This edition includes the latest advances in neuroscience, adding new chapters on neuroimaging and clinical tools such as virtual reality, robotics, and gaming. Written by respected clinician and physical therapy expert Darcy Umphred, this classic neurology text provides problem-solving strategies that are key to individualized, effective care. UNIQUE! Emerging topics are covered in detail, including chapters such as Movement Development Across the Lifespan, Health and Wellness: The Beginning of the Paradigm, Documentation, and Cardiopulmonary Interactions. UNIQUE! A section on neurological problems accompanying specific system problems includes hot topics such as poor vision, pelvic floor dysfunction, and pain. A problem-solving approach helps you apply your knowledge to examinations, evaluations, prognoses, and intervention strategies. Evidence-based research sets up best practices, covering topics such as the theory of neurologic rehabilitation, screening and diagnostic tests, treatments and interventions, and the patient's psychosocial concerns Information. Case studies use real-world examples to promote problem-solving skills. Non-traditional approaches to neurological interventions in the Alternative and Complementary Therapies chapter include the movement approach, energy approach, and physical body system approaches therapies. Terminology adheres to the best practices of the APTA as well as other leading physical therapy organizations, following The Guide to Physical Therapy Practice, the Nagi model, and the ICF World Health Model of patient empowerment. Updated illustrations provide current visual references. NEW chapters on imaging and robotics have been added. Updated chapters incorporate the latest advances and the newest information in neuroscience and intervention strategies. Student resources on an Evolve companion website include references with links to MEDLINE and more.