Variations In The Surface Tensions Of Solutions

Surface tension provides a thermodynamic avenue for analyzing systems in equilibrium and formulating phenomenological explanations for the behavior of constituent molecules in the surface region. While there are extensive experimental observations and established ideas regarding desorption of ions from the surfaces of aqueous salt solutions, a more successful discussion of the theory has recently emerged, which allows the quantitative calculation of the distribution of ions in the surface region. Surface Tension and Related Thermodynamic Quantities of Aqueous Electrolyte Solutions provides a detailed and systematic analysis of the properties of ions at the air/water interface. Unifying older and newer theories and measurements, this book emphasizes the contributions of simple ions to surface tension behavior, and the practical consequences. It begins with a general discussion on Gibbs surface thermodynamics, offering a guide to his theoretical insight and formulation of the boundary between fluids. The text then discusses the thermodynamic formulae that are useful for practical experimental work in the analysis of fluid/fluid interfaces. Chapters cover surface tension of pure water at air/water and air/oil interfaces, surface tension of solutions and the thermodynamic quantities associated with the adsorption and desorption of solutes, and surface tension of simple salt solutions. They also address adsorption of ions at the air/water interface, surface tension of solutions and the effect of temperature, adsorption from mixed electrolyte solutions, and thermodynamic properties of zwitterionic amino acids in the surface region. Focusing on the thermodynamic properties of ions at air/fluid interfaces, this book gives scientists a quantitative, rigorous, and objectively experimental methodology they can employ in their research.

"Multiphase flow and heat transfer have found a wide range of applications in several engineering and science fields such as mechanical engineering, chemical and petrochemical engineering, nuclear engineering, energy engineering, material engineering, ocea"

This Brief deals with electrode design and placement, enhancement of both liquid and gas flow, vapor space condensation, in-tube condensation, falling film evaporation, correlations. It further provides a fundamental understanding of boiling and condensation, pool boiling, critical heat flux, convective vaporization, additives for single-phase liquids like solid particles, gas bubbles, suspensions in dilute polymer and surfactant solutions, solid additives and liquid additives for gases, additives for boiling, condensation and absorption, mass transfer resistance in gas phase (condensation with noncondensible gases, evaporation into air, dehumidifying finned tube heat exchangers, water film enhancement of finned tube exchanger), controlling resistance in liquid phase, and significant resistance in both phases. The volume is ideal for professionals and researchers dealing with thermal management in devices.

A solid introduction to the field of surfactant science, this new edition provides updated information about surfactant uses, structures, and preparation, as well as seven new chapters expanding on technology applications. Offers a comprehensive introduction and reference of the science and technology of surface active materials Elaborates, more fully than prior editions, aspects of surfactant crystal structure as well as their effects on applications Adds more information on new classes and applications of natural surfactants in light of environmental consequences of surfactant use

This work offers a comprehensive review of surfactant systems in organic, inorganic, colloidal, surface, and materials chemistry. It provides practical applications to reaction chemistry, organic and inorganic particle formation, synthesis and processing, molecular recognition and surfactant templating. It also allows closer collaboration between synthetic and physical practitioners in developing new materials and devices.

First published in 1949, this book assesses the phenomena of surface tension and spreading for various liquids.

This book highlights the changes occurring at surfaces and interfaces involving two or multi-phase system due to the interaction between surface atoms/molecules and those added either intentionally or inadvertently in form of gases (vapours) solvents (aqueous and nonaqueous) and solutions mostly of surface active agents. A clear picture of the mechanism involved in industrial processes, namely, lubrication, adhesion, wear, friction, maintenance engineering, surface coating, metallurgical operation in production of iron and steel, corrosion prevention, mineral beneficiation including recovery of fine coal from slurries from coal washeries, tertiary oil recovery etc. are provided.