Viral Vectors In Cancer Immunotherapy

Viral Vectors in Cancer Immunotherapy, Volume 379 in the International Review of Cell and Molecular Biology presents the latest on cancer immunotherapy and how it has transformed cancer treatment through advances in immune checkpoint inhibitors and adoptive cell therapy. Chapters in this new release include Past, present and future of viral vectors in cancer immunotherapy, Alphaviruses in cancer immunotherapy, Adenoviral-based cancer gene therapy, Armored modified vaccinia Ankara in cancer immunotherapy, Strategies of Semliki Forest virus in immuno-oncology, Maraba virus in cancer immunotherapy, Oncolytic viruses in hematological malignancies, Oncolytic virus for cancer therapies: Overview and future directions, and more. The use of genetically modified viruses allows the expression of pro-inflammatory molecules, while the immune system receives danger signals from the viruses themselves. In some cases, the virus can also induce tumor cell death. This book will review advances in virus-based cancer immunotherapy in both solid tumors and hematologic malignancies. Provides an overview of the landscape of virotherapy for solid tumors and hematologic malignancies Reviews advances in alphaviruses, adenoviruses, vaccinia viruses and Maraba virus Presents lessons on how to improve viruses to enhance immune responses

A complete introduction and guide to the latest developments in cancer gene therapy-from bench to bedside. The authors comprehensively review the anticancer genes and gene delivery methods currently available for cancer gene therapy, including the transfer of genetic material into the cancer cells, stimulation of the immune system to recognize and eliminate cancer cells, and the targeting of the nonmalignant stromal cells that support their growth. They also thoroughly examine the advantages and limitations of the different therapies and detail strategies to overcome obstacles to their clinical implementation. Topics of special interest include vector-targeting techniques, the lessons learned to date from clinical trials of cancer gene therapy, and the regulatory guidelines for future trials. Noninvasive techniques to monitor the extent of gene transfer and disease regression during the course of treatment are also discussed.

Provides expert, state-of-the-art insight into the currentprogress of viral and non-viral gene therapy Translational medicine has opened the gateway to the era ofpersonalized or precision medicine. No longer a one-size-fits-allapproach, the treatment of cancer is now based on an understandingof underlying biologic mechanisms and is increasingly beingtailored to the molecular specificity of a tumor. This book provides a comprehensive overview of the pertinentmolecular discoveries in the cancer field and explains how theseare being used for gene-based cancer therapies. Designed as avolume in the Translational Oncology book series, Cancer GeneTherapy by Viral and Non-viral Vectors deals with the practiceof gene-therapy, with reference to vectors for gene expression andgene transfer, as well as viral therapy. It covers the history andcurrent and future applications of gene transfer in cancer, andprovides expert insight on the progress of viral and non-viral genetherapy with regard to delivery system, vector design, potentialtherapeutic genes, and principles and regulations for cancer genetherapy. Presented in three parts, Cancer Gene Therapy by Viral andNon-viral Vectors covers: Delivery Systems • Translational Cancer Research: Gene Therapy by Viraland Non-viral Vectors • Retroviruses for Cancer Therapy • DNA Plasmids for Non-viral Gene Therapy ofCancer • Cancer Therapy with RNAi delivered by Non-viralMembrane/Core Nanoparticles Targeted Expression • Cancer Gene Therapy by Tissue-specific andCancer-targeting Promptors • MicroRNAs as Drugs and Drug Targets in Cancer Principles of Clinical Trials in Gene Therapy • Regulatory issues for Manufacturers of Viral Vectorsand Vector-transduced Cells for Phase I/II Trials • US Regulations Governing Clinical Trials in GeneTherapy • Remaining Obstacles to the Success of Cancer GeneTherapy Focusing on speeding the process in clinical cancer care bybringing therapies as quickly as possible from bench to bedside,Cancer Gene Therapy by Viral and Non-viral Vectors is anabsolutely vital book for physicians, clinicians, researchers, andstudents involved in this area of medicine.

The Second Edition of Gene Therapy of Cancer provides crucial updates on the basic science and ongoing research in this field, examining the state of the art technology in gene therapy and its therapeutic applications to the treatment of cancer. The clinical chapters are improved to include new areas of research and more successful trials. Chapters emphasize the scientific basis of gene therapy using immune, oncogene, antisense, pro-drug activating, and drug resistance gene targets, while other chapters discuss therapeutic approaches and clinical applications. This book is a valuable reference for anyone needing to stay abreast of the latest advances in gene therapy treatment for cancer. Key Features * Provides in-depth description of targeted systems and treatment strategies * Explains the underlying cancer biology necessary for understanding a given therapeutic approach * Extensively covers immune therapeutics of vaccines, cytokines, and peptide-induced responses * Presents translational focus with emphasis on requirements for clinical implementation * Incorporates detailed illustrations of vectors and therapeutic approaches ideal for classroom presentations and general reference

Adenoviral Vectors for Gene Therapy, Second Edition provides detailed, comprehensive coverage of the gene delivery vehicles that are based on the adenovirus that is emerging as an important tool in gene therapy. These exciting new therapeutic agents have great potential for the treatment of disease, making gene therapy a fast-growing field for research. This book presents topics ranging from the basic biology of adenoviruses, through the construction and purification of adenoviral vectors, cutting-edge vectorology, and the use of adenoviral vectors in preclinical animal models, with final consideration of the regulatory issues surrounding human clinical gene therapy trials. This broad scope of information provides a solid overview of the field, allowing the reader to gain a complete understanding of the development and use of adenoviral vectors. Provides complete coverage of the basic biology of adenoviruses, as well as their construction, propagation, and purification of adenoviral vectors Introduces common strategies for the development of adenoviral vectors, along with cutting-edge methods for their improvement Demonstrates noninvasive imaging of adenovirus-mediated gene transfer Discusses utility of adenoviral vectors in animal disease models Considers Federal Drug Administration regulations for human clinical trials

During the past decades, with the introduction of the recombinant DNA, hybridoma and transgenic technologies there has been an exponential evolution in understanding the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of a large number of human diseases. The technologies are evident with the development of cytokines and monoclonal antibodies as therapeutic agents and the techniques used in gene therapy. Immunopharmacology is that area of biomedical sciences where immunology, pharmacology and pathology overlap. It concerns the pharmacological approach to the immune response in physiological as well as pathological events. This goals and objectives of this textbook are to emphasize the developments in immunology and pharmacology as they relate to the modulation of immune response. The information includes the pharmacology of cytokines, monoclonal antibodies, mechanism of action of immune-suppressive agents and their relevance in tissue transplantation, therapeutic strategies for the treatment of AIDS and the techniques employed in gene therapy. The book is intended for health care professional students and graduate students in pharmacology and immunology.

What Is Virotherapy Reprogramming viruses in order to cure illness is an example of virotherapy, which is a kind of treatment that makes use of biotechnology to turn viruses into therapeutic agents. Anti-cancer oncolytic viruses, viral vectors for gene therapy, and viral immunotherapy are the three primary subspecialties that fall under the umbrella term "virotherapy." Gene overexpression, gene knockout, and suicide gene delivery are the three distinct approaches that are used by these branches throughout the therapeutic process. Gene overexpression results in the addition of genetic sequences that make up for insufficient or nonexistent amounts of essential gene expression. Gene silencing or expression reduction may be achieved by gene deletion by using RNA-based techniques. The delivery of suicide genes involves the introduction of genetic sequences that trigger an apoptotic response in cells; this is often done in order to eliminate malignant growths. In a somewhat different setting, the term "virotherapy" may also refer to the use of viruses to cure certain medical problems by eliminating infections. This is one definition of the term. How You Will Benefit (I) Insights, and validations about the following topics: Chapter 1: Virotherapy Chapter 2: Gene therapy Chapter 3: Immunotherapy Chapter 4: Cancer vaccine Chapter 5: Chimeric antigen receptor T cell Chapter 6: Cancer immunotherapy Chapter 7: Oncolytic virus Chapter 8: Viral vector Chapter 9: Murine respirovirus Chapter 10: Oncolytics Biotech Chapter 11: Pelareorep Chapter 12: Molecular oncology Chapter 13: Pexastimogene devacirepvec Chapter 14: Talimogene laherparepvec Chapter 15: Oncolytic herpes virus Chapter 16: Oncolytic adenovirus Chapter 17: Measles virus encoding the human thyroidal sodium iodide symporter Chapter 18: Timeline of cancer treatment development Chapter 19: Julianna Lisziewicz Chapter 20: Oncolytic AAV Chapter 21: Viral vector vaccine (II) Answering the public top questions about virotherapy. (III) Real world examples for the usage of virotherapy in many fields. (IV) 17 appendices to explain, briefly, 266 emerging technologies in each industry to have 360-degree full understanding of virotherapy' technologies. Who This Book Is For Professionals, undergraduate and graduate students, enthusiasts, hobbyists, and those who want to go beyond basic knowledge or information for any kind of virotherapy.

Viral vectors are superior tools for gene therapy and as a genetic vaccine platform because viruses have evolved to efficiently infect and transfer their genomes to cells. Several impressive successes in viral vector-based gene therapies have been reported in humans, including restoration of vision in patients with Leber’s congenital amaurosis by retinal gene transfer and cures for severe immune deficiencies by gene transfer to hematopoietic stem cells. However, the mammalian immune system has evolved in parallel to fend off invading pathogens such as viruses. Innate and antigen-specific adaptive immune responses against viral vectors and therapeutic transgene products pose serious hurdles for successful gene therapy. Pre-existing immunity in humans, resulting from prior exposure to the parent virus that forms the basis for the gene transfer vehicle may be derived from, often prevents efficient gene transfer. This problem also reduces our ability to use certain vectors for genetic vaccination or in anti-cancer therapy. For these reasons, the gene transfer community has been extensively studying the mechanisms of immune responses against viral vectors and has started to develop strategies and protocols to block or circumvent such responses. Choice, design and engineering of a vector as well as the route of administration/target tissue can be optimized/ altered to minimize immune responses or evade pre-existing immunity. Immune suppression and modulation strategies are being developed in order to minimize inflammation, prevent antibody or T cell responses against vectors, and to promote tolerance to therapeutic gene products. Combinations of these approaches will likely facilitate clinical applications of gene therapy for many target diseases and also aid in vaccine development.