Visual Discoveries

What factors affect creativity and the generation of creative images? What factors affect the ability to reinterpret those images? Research described in this book indicates that expectations constrain both of these attributes of creativity. Characteristics of the imagined pattern, such as cohesiveness or its psychological goodness, also affect image generation and reinterpretation. Other evidence indicates that images can be combined mentally to yield new, manipulable composites. Cognitive models encompass the research and extend it to fields as diverse as architecture, music, and problem solving.

Excellent introduction to finding previously unknown comets, asteroids, novae and supernovae.

Throughout history, the perpetuation of species, the need for survival, and human curiosity, intelligence and skills provided the basis for the development of drug science. This unique book, Discoveries in Pharmacological Sciences, contains the history of herbal medicine as it emerged about 5,000 years ago. Recent discoveries in genetics are integrated with the observations in the past. An understanding of the history of drugs and toxic chemicals is essential for the proper utility of these substances by the population at large. The book is written with the purpose to familiarize drug research of the investigators in chemical, pharmaceutical, pharmacological, and biomedical sciences. It is important to note that plants containing morphine, quinine, physostigmine, pilocarpine, atropine, d-tubocurarine, reserpine, tetrahydrocannabinol, cardiac glycosides, ephedrine and colchicine were used by various cultures for centuries. Since 1805 pure, active, therapeutic constituents were isolated and chemically characterized. Parallel to these developments, the science of human anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, genetics and pharmacology has advanced. New synthetic drugs were discovered. The chemistry of perfumes and sensory functions including memory were elucidated. The history of fascinating discoveries made by scientists of Nobel repute is documented. Better testing methods were developed. The causes of many diseases were better understood. Drug laws were instituted a century ago. The pharmaceutical industry flourished. The text provides a panoramic view of the understanding of when, where, who, how and why drugs were developed. Educational aspects of teaching pharmacological sciences are reviewed. The historical account will be invaluable to graduate students and creative scientists, who can prepare for the future. The book will serve to enhance the cumulative scientific knowledge of the investigators in drug discovery. It contains a well integrated wealth of information in drug sciences and pharmacotherapeutics. The time, place and the human side of investigators, their portraits with biographical sketches are presented. The reading of Discoveries in Pharmacological Sciences will satisfy the intellectual curiosity of investigators. Understanding of Discoveries in Pharmacological Sciences will provide a platform to judge the importance of the personalized medicine of tomorrow. Scattered classical information about drug sciences is effectively condensed here. The development of the scientific thoughts and creativity of the investigators through the ages in drug research are presented admirably.

This book presents a systematic study of visual pattern discovery, from unsupervised to semi-supervised manner approaches, and from dealing with a single feature to multiple types of features. Furthermore, it discusses the potential applications of discovering visual patterns for visual data analytics, including visual search, object and scene recognition. It is intended as a reference book for advanced undergraduates or postgraduate students who are interested in visual data analytics, enabling them to quickly access the research world and acquire a systematic methodology rather than a few isolated techniques to analyze visual data with large variations. It is also inspiring for researchers working in computer vision and pattern recognition fields. Basic knowledge of linear algebra, computer vision and pattern recognition would be helpful to readers.

This book collects selected papers by authors for CODATA 2006, which are relevant to the acquisition of knowledge and the assessment of risk and opportunity that comes from combining data from a number of different disciplines.

This book is devoted to the emerging field of integrated visual knowledge discovery that combines advances in artificial intelligence/machine learning and visualization/visual analytic. A long-standing challenge of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) is explaining models to humans, especially for live-critical applications like health care. A model explanation is fundamentally human activity, not only an algorithmic one. As current deep learning studies demonstrate, it makes the paradigm based on the visual methods critically important to address this challenge. In general, visual approaches are critical for discovering explainable high-dimensional patterns in all types in high-dimensional data offering "n-D glasses," where preserving high-dimensional data properties and relations in visualizations is a major challenge. The current progress opens a fantastic opportunity in this domain. This book is a collection of 25 extended works of over 70 scholars presented at AI and visual analytics related symposia at the recent International Information Visualization Conferences with the goal of moving this integration to the next level. The sections of this book cover integrated systems, supervised learning, unsupervised learning, optimization, and evaluation of visualizations. The intended audience for this collection includes those developing and using emerging AI/machine learning and visualization methods. Scientists, practitioners, and students can find multiple examples of the current integration of AI/machine learning and visualization for visual knowledge discovery. The book provides a vision of future directions in this domain. New researchers will find here an inspiration to join the profession and to be involved for further development. Instructors in AI/ML and visualization classes can use it as a supplementary source in their undergraduate and graduate classes.

This book is the only account of what honeybees actually see. Bees detect some visual features such as edges and colours, but there is no sign that they reconstruct patterns or put together features to form objects. Bees detect motion but have no perception of what it is that moves, and certainly they do not recognize "things" by their shapes. Yet they clearly see well enough to fly and find food with a minute brain. Bee vision is therefore relevant to the construction of simple artificial visual systems, for example for mobile robots. The surprising conclusion is that bee vision is adapted to the recognition of places, not things. In this volume, Adrian Horridge also sets out the curious and contentious history of how bee vision came to be understood, with an account of a century of neglect of old experimental results, errors of interpretation, sharp disagreements, and failures of the scientific method. The design of the experiments and the methods of making inferences from observations are also critically examined, with the conclusion that scientists are often hesitant, imperfect and misleading, ignore the work of others, and fail to consider alternative explanations. The erratic path to understanding makes interesting reading for anyone with an interest in the workings of science but particularly those researching insect vision and invertebrate sensory systems.

Important Information and Presentation: Our book is free. The whole book can be read in “Free Sample” section. It is not necessary to give your credit card information. You can download our book in word or pdf format from the following web addresses: goo.gl/hNIUou or yadi.sk/d/09r41tL9ecYUA You can download the text of our book and its visual/interactive versions from the folder of “Basic-Resource Book” in “English Books and Risale-i Nur Training Program Presentations/English Books-Risale-i Nur Training Program” section in this address. Besides, you can view or download the files of all of our books, and videos, texts and PowerPoint presentations of our seminars altogether or one by one, from these storage spaces where all of our work on Risale-i Nur (Treatise of Light) are uploaded. In Google Books and Google Play, it is not possible to open and view the links and videos just by clicking them. We suggest that you download the Pdf files from the address we provide before or from Google Books and read them. Our Website for Journeys of Discovery Risale-i Nur (Treatise of Light) Training Program http://www.kesifyolculuklari.com http://www.risaleinuregitimprogrami.com Alternative Website: http://www.risaleinuregitimprogramidotcom.wordpress.com Web address of our YouTube Video Channel: http://www.youtube.com/c/EdizSözüer BOOK PRESENTATION: A Journey of Discovery for an Extraordinary Treasure Risale-i Nur (The Treatise of Light) Training Program (Text Version) Basic/Resource and Academic Course Curriculum An Imaginary and Mental Journey of Discovery You are Invited to the Adventure Discovering the high truths about the humanity, life, universe and religion… Advancing along the way of progress for mind, soul and heart… Making sense of the world in which we exist… Obtaining an awareness that is more amazing than ever before… Understanding the working mechanisms of the divine technology… A Wonderful Mental journey… Amazing Facts… All These and Even More are Waiting for You! Come With Us for This Extraordınary Journey of Discovery! Let’s Get Acquainted With the Books Discoverıng the Secret of the Universe! This book is penned down in order to introduce you a piece of work, that is so unbelievably and astonishingly perfect that it will surprise you with the high truths and grand scientific discoveries contained therein and will make some of you say “How come I have never heard of it until now!” (Or could not really discover it). The main subject of study of these books is the following: To give correct answers to three basic questions of existence, which have remained as the unknown secrets of the universe that have been always wondered by the humanity. The discovery of the right answers in these areas has been possible not only with the use of the mind/intellect which is incapable of reaching to the truth on its own but rather with the common guidance of divine revelation and the mind. Nevertheless, the answers to the questions that were asked have been discovered solely with rational inferences and logical evidences. These three questions are: “Where did this universe and those within it come from? Where will they go? And Why are they here, what is their mission? That is to ask “What are we doing here?” High truths, which the whole humanity needs and which are appealing to all those who look for the explanation of the basic reality of existence and which is more interesting for the world of science and the scientists and which is brought by divine revelation, are discovered once again and proved with rational methods in these works. Especially today, while quantum physics, astronomy and astrophysics have reached to such advanced levels, common answers are looked for these three questions on matter, universe and human being; the science and these works study the same subjects and share a common ground of work. Here you are: The work, which contains in itself a spiritual/immaterial treasury for people who have an irresistible interest and passion for science and learning, is called RISALE-I NUR (TREATISE OF LIGHT). The content of the book is composed of 19 basic epistles selected from the Collection of Risale-i Nur. Some selected parts related to the subject from 23rd Word Epistle of Nature, Epistle of Resurrection, first eight Words and some other epistles are included in our book. The main texts from Risale-i Nur are placed in the beginning, the words and concepts are explained in the footnotes and the explanatory texts are provided afterwards. In addition, occasionally, as the need arises, explanatory texts are included within the text of the book in the form of an intermediary note. The first part of our book, which consists of two main sections is entitled as “Discovering the Value of the Treasure of Faith.” In this section, the following is presented: the meaning and the importance of the faith and worship, which are proposed by the Religion to the man; how the hidden secret of the universe is solved by the religion; the beauty of faith and how the true value of man comes to light with faith, and the levels of Qur’an and philosophy in terms of understanding the Secret of the Universe. Finally, we are trying to look closely at the great good news and the remedy for death brought by the religion through prophets and we are looking for the answer to this question: “What are the characteristics of true faith that will enable us to earn the eternal life?” We can regard this first part as the understanding of how great and precious a treasure is. The second part of the book is entitled as ” Proving the Existence of the Treasure of Faith with Evidences”. In this section, six pillars of faith are proved with detailed evidences. In other words, in the second section, the existence of the treasure sought to be achieved, whose value is understood/appreciated in the first section, is proved; its place is discovered, and this great and magnificent treasure is acquired. Primarily understanding that faith is such a great blessing and a treasure with a great value would determine the importance that we would give to that treasure and its evidences. Nevertheless, you will also observe that in the first part, a serious effort has also been made to search for the truth and evidences. Once you complete the book, you will have completed an important reading that could be considered as a brief summary of the Risale-i Nur collection and taken a serious step in studying the high knowledge of faith that is taught by these works. In “The Journeys of Discovery Risale-i Nur Training Program”, you are invited for an adventure of looking for and finding out the truth. We have a very strong reason to begin this journey: to witness the magnificent details of the divine technology and uniqueness of the artful creation and hence, to take a big step on the way of achieving the true faith that was demanded from us by Allah. We would like you to accompany us in this imaginary and mental journey of discovery. There is only one fixed price for a ticket of the Journey: A strong sense of wonder in the search for truth. BOOK INDEX * Journeys of Discovery Risale-i Nur (Treatise of Light) Training Program, Based on Academic Work and Supported by Visuals * Declaration on Copyright All Kinds of Free Usage, the Right to Print and Publish * Let’s Get Acquainted with the Books Discovering The Secret of The Universe! A Journey of Discovery for an Extraordinary Treasure: Risale-i Nur (The Treatise of Light) Training Program FIRST MAIN SECTION: DISCOVERING THE VALUE OF THE TREASURE OF FAITH 1.Discovery: Discovering the High Truth of Belief, Worship and Salaat (Prayer) * Telling and Remembering the name of Allah (1. Word) * The Universe is a Place of Festivity (2. Word) * Discovering the High Truth of Worship (3. Word) * Exploring the Truth of Salaah/Prayer (4. Word) * Irresponsible Doctor, Mentally Ill Soldier (5. Word) * The World's Most Profitable Trade Agreement (6.Word) 2.Discovery: The Insight into the Covered Truth of the Religion and the Universe * The Insight into the Covered Hidden Truth of Religion and the Universe (7.Word) * Down the Rabbit Hole! (8.Word) Sub Headings: A Critical Assessment of the Law of Attraction and Quantum Thinking Technique Down the Rabbit Hole! 3.Discovery: Man’s High Value That Becomes Apparent with Faith And the Beauties of the Being Faithfull - Picasso’s Painting -The Real Truth, Which Is Brilliant and Beautiful, of the Universe - The Source of An Amazing Feeling of Confidence - The Difference of the Man - Discovery of the Subtle Secret of Supplication/Prayer -‘On the Concept of “Self Confidence/Reliance” - Small Targets, Low Tastes - Big Target, High Tastes - Being Suspicious of Our Lifestyle - A Tremendous Truth Worth Being Discovered - For Those Who Wonder About the Secret of the Universe 4.Discovery: The comparison of Qur'an, Philosophy and Modern Science in Understanding the Secret of the Universe * The Story of the Creation of Our Universe (11. Word) * A Gift Package (12. Word-First Principle) * To Graduate from the Academy of Universe (A chapter taken from the Thirteenth Word) 5.Discovery: The Solution for Death * Looking at Death and Life Under a Different Kind of Light (Introductory Text) * The Gallows and the Lottery Office (From 11th Ray - The Treatise of Fruits) * Being Sentenced to Death * The Difference that A Muslim Makes (The Second Station of the Thirteenth Word) * How Do We Deceive Ourselves? * The Concept of Saving the Faith SECOND MAIN SECTION: PROVING THE EXISTENCE OF THE TREASURE OF FAITH WITH EVIDENCES 1.Truth: The Proof of The Truth of Faith in Allah (New Perspectives of The Treatise of Nature) * Looking at the Matters of Faith from the Right Side (Introduction to New Perspectives of The Treatise of Nature) * The Effort to Make Sense out of This World and Magnificent Skies * An Imaginary and Mental Journey of Discovery in The Depths of Divine Technology (23rd Flash, Treatise of Nature) Subheadings : -Thoughts over Existence -What is Nature? -What are Laws of Nature? -Intelligent Design -Coincidence and Material Reasons -A Fantastic Science-Fiction Story -Amazing Discoveries on The Existence of The Universe -What Happens when There Are Multiple-Universes? -Grand Design and Theory of Everything - A Different Perspective on Big Bang -The Impossible Scenarios of the Formation of the Matter/Objects, Formation Due to Causes and Self-creation -The Miracle of a Fly -Production of Living Beings from a Single Centre -Miracle of the Eye -The Thousand-Domed Palace The Concept of Irreducible Complexity -No Production Is Possible without Moulds! (Alternatives for Production of Living Things) -Journey to the Land of Miracles -Fantastic Data Stores: Brain and DNA -Looking at the Reality from a Blind-Spot -A Question That Will Open The Mysterious Door of The Universe -Interwoven Spiral Order -Getting Wet in The Ocean of the Cosmos -The Laws of Nature and Quantum Universe -Law of Atraction and A Critical Evaluation of Quantum Thinking -Design Signature over The Matter/Objects -Looking at Allah from the Right Side -Our World: A spaceship in the Sea of Sky -How Is Everything Taking Place with Divine Power -Is the Movement of Particles an Explanation for Everything? Additional Sections * Discussion Notes from Our Seminars on “The New Perspectives from The Treatise of Nature” - Scientific Findings about Evolution and the Miracles of Quran - About Quantum Approach and Divine Truths - Important Points on Evolution, Atheism and Creation 2.Truth: (Believing in Angels) Proof of the Existence of Angels * We Are Not Alone! (Introductory Text) * Why Does Life Exist? * What is the Meaning and Value of the Existence without Life? * Angels’ Truth * The Roles Shared in a Perfect Ecosystem 3.Truth: (Faith in the Divine Books) The Truth of Revelation and the Proof of the Coming of Qur'an from Allah It is Completely Different Word! (The Truth of Revelation and the Proof of the Coming of Qur'an from Allah) Sub Headings: * Extraordinary Spiritual Mastery of a Wonderful Book * An Unprecedented Challenge * Understanding the Environment in Which and the Persons against whom The Quran Made This Unprecedented Challenge * Uniqueness of Quran’s Style * A Spiritual Transformation Beyond Every Imagination * Quran’s Amazing Influence * Good News from the Holly Books * Quran: A Miracle Beyond the Capabilties of The Human Being * Scientific Miracles of Quran 4.Truth: (Belief in Prophets) Proof of the Truth of Prophethood and Proof of Prophethood of Muhammad (PBUH) Spiritual Sun of the Universe Sub Headings: * Spiritual Sun of the Universe * How Could It Be Understood That A person Is A (Real) Prophet? * The Most Brilliant Evidence of the Existence of Allah 5.Truth: Evidence for the Existence of Resurrection after Death * An Invaluable Truth: Eternal Life (Introductory Text) Sub Headings: - Rehearsal Scene - Banquet Table for Tasting - Magnificent Cinema House - Divine Information Repository - Dominoes - Great Show Centre, the Universe and the Cosmic Calendar - Union of Opposites - Missing Part of the Puzzle - Babies in Their Mother’s Womb - Drawing Conclusions Coherent with Most Basic Truths - Learning the Truth from Its Source - The Gate to Eternity Opened for the Human Being - Divine Causes Connected to the Human Being - Unknown Breakfast - Film without A Final - Privileged Planet - The Prayer Opening the Gate of Eternal Life - The Way to Salvation from A Paradoxical Situation - An Illogical Fiction - He will Do it if He Promised - Reviving Earth - Would the One Doing the Difficult, Be Unable To Do the Thing Which Is Easier? - The Truest News in the World - Secret Plan - Desolate Festival - A Truth As Unshakable As the Existence of the Earth - An Eternal Life Where Death Is Killed 6.Truth: The Truth of the Divine Determining and Free Will (Belief in Fate, Qadar) Sub Headings: * A Healthy Approach to the Matters of Qadar and Free Will * How can We Reconcile Divine Determining with Free Will? * Nature of Free Will * What is the Meaning of Everything Being Determined by Allah’s Will? * What Does It Mean If Everything about Divine Determining is Good and Beautiful? SPECIAL SECTIONS * The Life of Bediuzzaman Said Nursi and Risale-i Nur * An Attempt to Make Risale-i Nur the Property of Humanity: Explanatory Works Sub Headings: * Why and How of Risale-i Nur Explanatory Works * A Realistic and Alternative Model in Risale-i Nur Works, That Meets the Needs * An Attempt to Make Risale-i Nur the Property of Humanity: Explanatory Works * Our Responsibilities in the Service of Risale-i Nur * Quran, Risale-i Nur and the Place of the Explanation of Risale-i Nur From the Perspective of Religious Sciences * How shall the dream of Medresetüzzehra be realized? * How Could It Be Possible To Teach Risale-i Nur As A Textbook? * Applied Model of Medresetüzzehra * Analysis of Methods for Introduction of Risale-i Nur and Its Integration into Education System * The Analysis of Religion Lesson’s Text Book Which is Based on Risale-i Nur * Could Loyalty to Islam and to the Science Ever Be Considered As Betrayal to Risale-i Nur? * For A Positive Transformation in Education, Which Method Is Realistic and of Top Priority? * A Style of Explanatory Lecturing For Risale-i Nur, Which is Not Either Exaggerated nor Understated * Risale-i Nur, Civilization of Islam/Quran and Philosophy of Science * How will the Civilization of Islam/Quran be built? What does the Dream of Medresetüzzehra Express? * Your Journey Just Begins Now! THE COMPANIES OF ROAD FOR YOUR PERSONAL VOYAGE * Seminar Texts, Presentations and Videos* Our Website for The Journeys of Discovery * Our Books on Explanatory Notes for Risale-i Nur (Texts and Visuals/Interactive) * Our Video Channel for The Journeys of Discovery * Suggested Websites * The Opportunity to Read and Listen Risale-i Nur Round The Clock Wherever You Are * Locations Where You Can Participate in Risale-i Nur Conversations and Classes * Other Academic Training Activities * Author’s Contact Address