Visual Domain Adaptation In The Deep Learning Era

Solving problems with deep neural networks typically relies on massive amounts of labeled training data to achieve high performance. While in many situations huge volumes of unlabeled data can be and often are generated and available, the cost of acquiring data labels remains high. Transfer learning (TL), and in particular domain adaptation (DA), has emerged as an effective solution to overcome the burden of annotation, exploiting the unlabeled data available from the target domain together with labeled data or pre-trained models from similar, yet different source domains. The aim of this book is to provide an overview of such DA/TL methods applied to computer vision, a field whose popularity has increased significantly in the last few years. We set the stage by revisiting the theoretical background and some of the historical shallow methods before discussing and comparing different domain adaptation strategies that exploit deep architectures for visual recognition. We introduce the space of self-training-based methods that draw inspiration from the related fields of deep semi-supervised and self-supervised learning in solving the deep domain adaptation. Going beyond the classic domain adaptation problem, we then explore the rich space of problem settings that arise when applying domain adaptation in practice such as partial or open-set DA, where source and target data categories do not fully overlap, continuous DA where the target data comes as a stream, and so on. We next consider the least restrictive setting of domain generalization (DG), as an extreme case where neither labeled nor unlabeled target data are available during training. Finally, we close by considering the emerging area of learning-to-learn and how it can be applied to further improve existing approaches to cross domain learning problems such as DA and DG.

This book provides a survey of deep learning approaches to domain adaptation in computer vision. It gives the reader an overview of the state-of-the-art research in deep learning based domain adaptation. This book also discusses the various approaches to deep learning based domain adaptation in recent years. It outlines the importance of domain adaptation for the advancement of computer vision, consolidates the research in the area and provides the reader with promising directions for future research in domain adaptation. Divided into four parts, the first part of this book begins with an introduction to domain adaptation, which outlines the problem statement, the role of domain adaptation and the motivation for research in this area. It includes a chapter outlining pre-deep learning era domain adaptation techniques. The second part of this book highlights feature alignment based approaches to domain adaptation. The third part of this book outlines image alignment procedures for domain adaptation. The final section of this book presents novel directions for research in domain adaptation. This book targets researchers working in artificial intelligence, machine learning, deep learning and computer vision. Industry professionals and entrepreneurs seeking to adopt deep learning into their applications will also be interested in this book.

Solving problems with deep neural networks typically relies on massive amounts of labeled training data to achieve high performance/b>. While in many situations huge volumes of unlabeled data can be and often are generated and available, the cost of acquiring data labels remains high. Transfer learning (TL), and in particular domain adaptation (DA), has emerged as an effective solution to overcome the burden of annotation, exploiting the unlabeled data available from the target domain together with labeled data or pre-trained models from similar, yet different source domains. The aim of this book is to provide an overview of such DA/TL methods applied to computer vision, a field whose popularity has increased significantly in the last few years. We set the stage by revisiting the theoretical background and some of the historical shallow methods before discussing and comparing different domain adaptation strategies that exploit deep architectures for visual recognition. We introduce the space of self-training-based methods that draw inspiration from the related fields of deep semi-supervised and self-supervised learning in solving the deep domain adaptation. Going beyond the classic domain adaptation problem, we then explore the rich space of problem settings that arise when applying domain adaptation in practice such as partial or open-set DA, where source and target data categories do not fully overlap, continuous DA where the target data comes as a stream, and so on. We next consider the least restrictive setting of domain generalization (DG), as an extreme case where neither labeled nor unlabeled target data are available during training. Finally, we close by considering the emerging area of learning-to-learn and how it can be applied to further improve existing approaches to cross domain learning problems such as DA and DG.

This comprehensive text/reference presents a broad review of diverse domain adaptation (DA) methods for machine learning, with a focus on solutions for visual applications. The book collects together solutions and perspectives proposed by an international selection of pre-eminent experts in the field, addressing not only classical image categorization, but also other computer vision tasks such as detection, segmentation and visual attributes. Topics and features: surveys the complete field of visual DA, including shallow methods designed for homogeneous and heterogeneous data as well as deep architectures; presents a positioning of the dataset bias in the CNN-based feature arena; proposes detailed analyses of popular shallow methods that addresses landmark data selection, kernel embedding, feature alignment, joint feature transformation and classifier adaptation, or the case of limited access to the source data; discusses more recent deep DA methods, including discrepancy-based adaptation networks and adversarial discriminative DA models; addresses domain adaptation problems beyond image categorization, such as a Fisher encoding adaptation for vehicle re-identification, semantic segmentation and detection trained on synthetic images, and domain generalization for semantic part detection; describes a multi-source domain generalization technique for visual attributes and a unifying framework for multi-domain and multi-task learning. This authoritative volume will be of great interest to a broad audience ranging from researchers and practitioners, to students involved in computer vision, pattern recognition and machine learning.

This unique volume reviews the latest advances in domain adaptation in the training of machine learning algorithms for visual understanding, offering valuable insights from an international selection of experts in the field. The text presents a diverse selection of novel techniques, covering applications of object recognition, face recognition, and action and event recognition. Topics and features: reviews the domain adaptation-based machine learning algorithms available for visual understanding, and provides a deep metric learning approach; introduces a novel unsupervised method for image-to-image translation, and a video segment retrieval model that utilizes ensemble learning; proposes a unique way to determine which dataset is most useful in the base training, in order to improve the transferability of deep neural networks; describes a quantitative method for estimating the discrepancy between the source and target data to enhance image classification performance; presents a technique for multi-modal fusion that enhances facial action recognition, and a framework for intuition learning in domain adaptation; examines an original interpolation-based approach to address the issue of tracking model degradation in correlation filter-based methods. This authoritative work will serve as an invaluable reference for researchers and practitioners interested in machine learning-based visual recognition and understanding.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has attracted the attention of researchers and users alike and is taking an increasingly crucial role in our modern society. From cars, smartphones, and airplanes to medical equipment, consumer applications, and industrial machines, the impact of AI is notoriously changing the world we live in. In this context, Deep Learning (DL) is one of the techniques that has taken the lead for cognitive processes, pattern recognition, object detection, and machine learning, all of which have played a crucial role in the growth of AI. As such, this book examines DL applications and future trends in the field. It is a useful resource for researchers and students alike.

Advanced Methods and Deep Learning in Computer Vision presents advanced computer vision methods, emphasizing machine and deep learning techniques that have emerged during the past 5–10 years. The book provides clear explanations of principles and algorithms supported with applications. Topics covered include machine learning, deep learning networks, generative adversarial networks, deep reinforcement learning, self-supervised learning, extraction of robust features, object detection, semantic segmentation, linguistic descriptions of images, visual search, visual tracking, 3D shape retrieval, image inpainting, novelty and anomaly detection. This book provides easy learning for researchers and practitioners of advanced computer vision methods, but it is also suitable as a textbook for a second course on computer vision and deep learning for advanced undergraduates and graduate students. Provides an important reference on deep learning and advanced computer methods that was created by leaders in the field Illustrates principles with modern, real-world applications Suitable for self-learning or as a text for graduate courses