Visualization And Simulation Of Complex Flows In Biomedical Engineering

This book focuses on the most recent advances in the application of visualization and simulation methods to understand the flow behavior of complex fluids used in biomedical engineering and other related fields. It shows the physiological flow behavior in large arteries, microcirculation, respiratory systems and in biomedical microdevices.

This book gathers papers presented at the VipIMAGE 2017-VI ECCOMAS Thematic Conference on Computational Vision and Medical Image Processing. It highlights invited lecturers and full papers presented at the conference, which was held in Porto, Portugal, on October 18–20, 2017. These international contributions provide comprehensive coverage on the state-of-the-art in the following fields: 3D Vision, Computational Bio-Imaging and Visualization, Computational Vision, Computer Aided Diagnosis, Surgery, Therapy and Treatment, Data Interpolation, Registration, Acquisition and Compression, Industrial Inspection, Image Enhancement, Image Processing and Analysis, Image Segmentation, Medical Imaging, Medical Rehabilitation, Physics of Medical Imaging, Shape Reconstruction, Signal Processing, Simulation and Modelling, Software Development for Image Processing and Analysis, Telemedicine Systems and their Applications, Tracking and Analysis of Movement, and Deformation and Virtual Reality. In addition, it explores a broad range of related techniques, methods and applications, including: trainable filters, bilateral filtering, statistical, geometrical and physical modelling, fuzzy morphology, region growing, grabcut, variational methods, snakes, the level set method, finite element method, wavelet transform, multi-objective optimization, scale invariant feature transform, Laws’ texture-energy measures, expectation maximization, the Markov random fields bootstrap, feature extraction and classification, support vector machines, random forests, decision trees, deep learning, and stereo vision. Given its breadth of coverage, the book offers a valuable resource for academics, researchers and professionals in Biomechanics, Biomedical Engineering, Computational Vision (image processing and analysis), Computer Sciences, Computational Mechanics, Signal Processing, Medicine and Rehabilitation.

Integrated Nano-Biomechanics provides an integrated look into the rapidly evolving field of nanobiomechanics. The book demystifies the processes in living organisms at the micro- and nano-scale through mechanics, using theoretical, computational and experimental means. The book develops the concept of integrating different technologies along the hierarchical structure of biological systems and clarifies biomechanical interactions among different levels for the analysis of multi-scale pathophysiological phenomena. With a focus on nano-scale processes and biomedical applications, it is shown how knowledge obtained can be utilized in a range of areas, including diagnosis and treatment of various human diseases and alternative energy production. This book is based on collaboration of researchers from a unique combination of fields, including biomechanics, computational mechanics, GPU application, electron microscopy, biology of motile micro-organisms, entomological mechanics and clinical medicine. The book will be of great interest to scientists and researchers involved in disciplines, such as micro- and nano-engineering, bionanotechnology, biomedical engineering, micro- and nano-scale fluid-mechanics (such as in MEMS devices), nanomedicine and microbiology, as well as industries such as optical devices, computer simulation, plant based energy sources and clinical diagnosis of the gastric diseases. Provides knowledge of integrated biomechanics, focusing on nano-scale, in this rapidly growing research field Explains how the different technologies can be integrated and applied in a variety of biomedical application fields, as well as for alternative energy sources Uses a collaborative, multidisciplinary approach to provide a comprehensive coverage of nano-biomechanics

The main focus of this study is based on the numerical study of hemodynamics of blood and arterial wall behavior in Circle of Willis.

The development of micro- and nanodevices for blood analysis is an interdisciplinary subject that demands the integration of several research fields, such as biotechnology, medicine, chemistry, informatics, optics, electronics, mechanics, and micro/nanotechnologies. Over the last few decades, there has been a notably fast development in the miniaturization of mechanical microdevices, later known as microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), which combine electrical and mechanical components at a microscale level. The integration of microflow and optical components in MEMS microdevices, as well as the development of micropumps and microvalves, have promoted the interest of several research fields dealing with fluid flow and transport phenomena happening in microscale devices. Microfluidic systems have many advantages over their macroscale counterparts, offering the ability to work with small sample volumes, providing good manipulation and control of samples, decreasing reaction times, and allowing parallel operations in one single step. As a consequence, microdevices offer great potential for the development of portable and point-of-care diagnostic devices, particularly for blood analysis. Moreover, the recent progress in nanotechnology has contributed to its increasing popularity, and has expanded the areas of application of microfluidic devices, including in the manipulation and analysis of flows on the scale of DNA, proteins, and nanoparticles (nanoflows). In this Special Issue, we invited contributions (original research papers, review articles, and brief communications) that focus on the latest advances and challenges in micro- and nanodevices for diagnostics and blood analysis, micro- and nanofluidics, technologies for flow visualization, MEMS, biochips, and lab-on-a-chip devices and their application to research and industry. We hope to provide an opportunity to the engineering and biomedical community to exchange knowledge and information and to bring together researchers who are interested in the general field of MEMS and micro/nanofluidics and, especially, in its applications to biomedical areas.

This book serves as an introduction to the continuum mechanics and mathematical modeling of complex fluids in living systems. The form and function of living systems are intimately tied to the nature of surrounding fluid environments, which commonly exhibit nonlinear and history dependent responses to forces and displacements. With ever-increasing capabilities in the visualization and manipulation of biological systems, research on the fundamental phenomena, models, measurements, and analysis of complex fluids has taken a number of exciting directions. In this book, many of the world’s foremost experts explore key topics such as: Macro- and micro-rheological techniques for measuring the material properties of complex biofluids and the subtleties of data interpretation Experimental observations and rheology of complex biological materials, including mucus, cell membranes, the cytoskeleton, and blood The motility of microorganisms in complex fluids and the dynamics of active suspensions Challenges and solutions in the numerical simulation of biologically relevant complex fluid flows This volume will be accessible to advanced undergraduate and beginning graduate students in engineering, mathematics, biology, and the physical sciences, but will appeal to anyone interested in the intricate and beautiful nature of complex fluids in the context of living systems.

Combining engineering and medicine research projects with biological applications, the contributions in this volume constitute the efforts of both distinguished scientists and young investigators in various fields of biomedical engineering at Tohoku University, one of Japan's leading scientific research universities. The Tohoku University 21st Century COE Program “Future Medical Engineering Based on Bionanotechnology” is — out of 113 programmes chosen by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology in 2002 – the only one program devoted to biomedical engineering. This book comprises the proceedings of the final closing symposium to be held in January 2007, and summarizes all the efforts of the program in a comprehensive manner. In total, more than 100 authors from the engineering and medical schools of Tohoku University have contributed to this volume, through which readers can understand all the research results carried out under the umbrella of the program. Contents:Cellular Function and Molecular Operation:Progress of Our Research in Auditory Mechnaics (H Wada)Generation of Stable Chinese Hamster Ovary Cell Lines Expressing the Motor Protein Prestin (K Iida et al.)Protection of Outer Hair Cells from Traumatic Noise by Conditioning with Heat Stress (M Murakoshi et al.)Time-Lapse Observation of Neural Epithelium Cell Behavior in Slice Culture (N Nakamura et al.)Nano-Medicine:Development of Novel Medical Engineering Using Micro-Nanomachining (M Esashi)Biomimetic Artificial Myocardium Using Nano Technology (T Yambe)MEMS-Based Fuel Cell for Portable Medical Applications (K-B Min et al.)Lithium Niobate Bulk Micromachining for Medical Sensors (A Randles et al.)Imaging of the Biological Molecule and Structure:Brain Imaging of Quality of Life Using Positron Emission Tomography (M Itoh & M Tashiro)Human Brain Metabolic Changes Induced by Actual Car-Driving (M Jeong et al.)Automatic Medical Image Registration Using Mutual Information (K Kumagai et al.)The Comparison of Brain Structure Between Exercised and Non-Exercised Students (H Sensui et al.)Medical Informatics:Computational Approaches to Hemodynamics Analysis from Micro to Macro Scales (T Yamaguchi)A Fluid-Solid Interaction Study of the Pulse Wave Velocity in Uniform Arteries (T Fukui et al.)CFD Tools in Engineering Design Studies and Medical Sciences (P S Kulkarni)Evaluation of an Index for Cardiac Function During Assitance with a Rotary Blood Pump (D Ogawa et al.)and other papers Readership: Postgraduate students and researchers in biomedical engineering. Keywords:Biomedical Engineering;Cell Biology;Biomechanics;Bionanotechnology;Nanomedicine;Medical Imaging;Computational Medicine;Simulation MedicineKey Features:The first compilation of bionanotechnology-based biomedical engineering research in Tohoku University, which is one of the most active biomedical engineering-oriented universities in JapanUnique combinations and collaborations of researchers from various fields of science and technology, thus enabling truly interdisciplinary researchContributions from young investigators with PhD degrees, who are promoted by the Programme and are usually inaccessible for ordinary publications

This book focuses on nano-biomedical engineering, the most important key technology in the world in the 21st century. It covers virtually everything within current and future research and the development of biomedical engineering. It follows four groups within the field, namely nano-biomechanics, nano-bioimaging, nano-biodevices, and nano-biointervention.