World Aquaculture 2015 A Brief Overview

FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Circulars Global aquaculture production in 2015 reached 106 million tonnes, with an estimated value of US$163 billion, although the average annual growth rate of world aquatic animal production slowed to 6.4 percent in the period 2001–2015. Bringing together information from six regional reviews, this report examines how the aquaculture sector has performed over the past five years and draws lessons for ensuring sustainable growth and expansion in the years ahead.

This document provides a synthesis of six regional aquaculture reviews: Asia-Pacific, Europe, Latin America and the Caribbean, Near East and North Africa, North America and sub-Saharan Africa. Global aquaculture production, including aquatic plants, in 2018 was 114.5 million tonnes, with an estimated value of USD 263 billion. The Asia-Pacific region continued to be the major producer. Globally, aquaculture provides over 50 percent of fish for human consumption. In 2018, aquaculturists were reported to farm about 622 species or species items including 387 finfishes, 111 molluscs, 64 crustaceans, seven frogs and reptiles, ten miscellaneous aquatic invertebrates and 43 aquatic plants. From 2000-2018, aquaculture production in freshwater, brackish water and marine water increased at a compound annual growth rate of 5.7 percent, 7.7 percent and 5.2 percent respectively while total aquaculture production grew at an annual growth rate of 5.6 percent. Global food supply and per capita consumption of fish and fish products continued to increase faster than human population growth. Aquaculture is striving to innovate in order to increase production and sustainability. Progress in biosecurity and fish health management, feed formulation and utilization, and genetic resource management are showing good, but uneven progress. The aquaculture sector faces challenges including competition for land and water resources, as well as external factors such as climate change, conflict, economic uncertainties and most recently the COVID-19 pandemic. The pandemic and other stresses such as droughts and tsunamis, revealed that the aquaculture industry has not engaged sufficiently in disaster preparedness. International and national mechanisms are being put in place to increase the sustainability, good governance and social license of the sector to address these challenges. The diversity of the sector, the opportunities for good jobs and commitments by governments to good governance will help the sector meet these challenges.

Global aquaculture makes an important contribution to food security directly (by increasing food availability and accessibility) and indirectly (as a driver of economic development). In order to enable sustainable expansion of aquaculture, we need to understand aquaculture’s contribution to global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and how it can be mitigated. This study quantifies the global GHG emissions from aquaculture (excluding farming of aquatic plants) and explains how cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) could be used to appraise GHG mitigation measures. Cost-effective mitigation of GHG from aquaculture can make a direct contribution to United Nations Sustainable Development Goals 13 (Climate Action), while supporting food security (Goal 2: Zero Hunger), and economic development (Goal 8: Decent Work and Economic Growth).

This document is the second review of the Fisheries Circular 886 - Review of the State of World Aquaculture. Taking into consideration various reviews and analyses of aquaculture production, development and management published by FAO over the past few years, the format of the present revision of the Circular deviates slightly from the previous format. It includes a global review of aquaculture production and production trends, brief regional production profiles based on national aquaculture statistics received from FAO member countries up to 2000, an outlook for aquaculture development (major issues, opportunities and challenges), and a section discussing issues of current importance to global aquaculture development and management. The latter include inland fisheries and aquaculture: a synergy for sustainable food fish production, the role of aquaculture in rural development, recent technological innovations in aquaculture, and producer association and farmer societies' contribution to aquaculture development. Future revisions will address more issues of interest for sustainable development and management of aquaculture, where appropriate.

Aquaculture Pathophysiology, Volume I. Finfish Diseases is a diverse, practical reference on finfish diseases impacting aquaculture. It is intended for the veterinarian, fish health biologist or extensionist, fish pathologist and fish health diagnostician supporting the management of major and emerging infectious and non-infectious health risks for the key temperate, subtropical and tropical finfish species of commercial and fisheries importance. This volume should be read in partnership with volume 2 on shellfish diseases as the principles and approach to the diagnosis and management of aquacultured animal species are similar and typically researchers, teachers, students, diagnostic laboratory scientists, aquaculture technicians and farmers need to be competent across both finfish and shellfish health issues. A focus on the disease process of major or emerging viral, bacterial, fungal, and parasitic infections affecting aquacultured finfish species e.g. salmonids, carp, tilapia, eel, barramundi A focus on important or emerging environmental, nutritional, genetic, deformity, toxicological, endocrine disruption and neoplastic diseases in finfish A review of the immunology of finfish relevant to a practical understanding of disease diagnosis and management An overview of laboratory diagnostic methods relevant to detection of finfish diseases Concise discussion on the diverse risk factors of finfish diseases and options for their control

This book addresses the production practices employed in the production of food animals and animal products that enable marketers to sell a variety of products to meet consumer demand. Food animal production practices have come under increased scrutiny by consumers who object to inputs and practices. The industry has been a proponent of using technologies to reduce production costs, resulting in lower-priced meat and animal food products, and now consumers are starting to look at other objectives. This book considers the key issues of concern to consumers, including the treatment of animals, the use of antibiotics, feed additives and hormones, and how these are monitored, regulated, and communicated to consumers. It also reviews labeling and information provided to consumers, including organic, genetic engineering, welfare standards, and place of origin. While the main focus is on the United States, there are descriptions of European practices and legislation. Overall, it aims to provide an objective and balanced appraisal, which will be of interest to advanced students and researchers in agricultural, food and environmental economics, law and policy, and animal production and welfare. It will also be very useful for early career professionals in the food and agricultural sectors.

The global human population will reach nine billion by 2050, and seafood is projected to be the primary food source to sustain such a large population. According to a recent World Bank report, aquaculture will be the prime source of seafood by 2030. Tilapia is one of the promising species for commercial aquaculture and one of the second most farmed fish worldwide. Given the issues raised by Antibiotic misuse in intensive aquaculture, such as the occurrence of resistant bacteria, it is necessary to develop environment-friendly strategies that could be used to improve production in a sustainable manner. Also, there is a need to establish the best aquaculture practice (BAP) approaches to avoid significant disruption to the ecosystem, the loss of biodiversity, and substantial pollution impact on the environment. The book covers the recent findings regarding sustainable tilapia farming through environment-friendly approaches. This book contains chapters that cover the current status of world tilapia farming and the concept of sustainability of tilapia culture (Chap. 1). Chap. 2 discusses the health management of tilapia with a particular focus on various diseases and treatments. Chap. 3 provides an updated view of the possible effects of feed additives on tilapia reproductive performance. Chap. 4, 5, and 6 cover the recent findings on the gut microbiota of tilapia with a particular focus on structure and modulation. Chap. 7 focuses on the use of medicinal plants for sustainable tilapia farming. Chap. 8 provides insights into the application of alternative protein sources to decrease fish meal consumption. Chap. 9 highlights the importance of culture systems for the development of sustainable tilapia aquaculture. We believe the current book will be very helpful to academics, researchers, and policy-makers in aquaculture.

This document summarizes the status and trends of aquaculture development in North America, focusing on Canada and the United States of America, with some discussion on Bermuda, Greenland, and Saint Pierre and Miquelon. Relevant aspects of the social and economic background of each country are followed by a description of current and evolving aquaculture practices and the needs of the industry in terms of resources, services and technologies. Impacts of aquaculture practices on the environment are discussed, followed by a consideration of the response by the industry to market demands and opportunities, and its contribution to social and economic development at regional, national and international levels. External pressures on the sector are described, including climate change and economic events, along with associated changes in governance. The review concludes with an analysis of the contributions of North American aquaculture to the Sustainable Development Goals, the FAO Strategic Objectives, and the FAO Blue Growth Initiative. Throughout the review, outstanding issues and success stories are identified, and a way forward is suggested for each main topic.