3 Membered Heterocycle Synthesis

3-membered heterocyclic rings offer an unusual combination of synthetic flexibility, reactivity, and atom economy. The main challenge for synthetic chemists, both in academia and industry, is the search for efficient approaches to target molecules. This book presents several methodologies for the synthesis of three-membered heterocyclic compounds and the readers will defiantly gain knowledge about the topic. With Three-Membered Heterocycle Synthesis, readers have detailed information about the synthesis of three-membered heterocyclic compounds. It comprehensively describes three-membered heterocyclic compounds synthesis, allowing the audience to quickly assess possible synthetic approaches. Covers the applications of three-membered heterocycles Includes comprehensive descriptions of heterocycle synthesis Highlights methodologies for the synthesis of three-membered heterocycles Analyzes several types and families of compounds, with a large set of recent examples in the field

This advanced text-cum-reference book presents a comprehensive account of the syntheses, reactions, properties and applications of all the most significant classes of heterocyclic compounds. This second volume in the series is an essential tool not only for advanced undergraduates and graduates, but also for academic and industrial researchers in organic, medicinal, pharmaceutical, dye and agricultural chemistry.

Four-Membered Heterocycle Synthesis offers a comprehensive approach to these unstable organic compounds, providing a systematic introduction to the synthesis and reactions of all common four-membered heterocycles and illustrating different methods to prepare specific four-membered heterocycles. Four-membered heterocyclic compounds are known as a class of unstable organic compounds because of their strain characteristics, which make them very beneficial as precursors for the formation of a broad range of complex heterocyclic molecules and for synthetic elaboration. Provides a systematic introduction to the synthesis and reactions of all common four-membered heterocycles Highlights different methods to prepare specific 4-membered heterocycles Analyzes several types and families of compounds, with a large set of recent examples in the field

The series Topics in Heterocyclic Chemistry presents critical reviews on present and future trends in the research of heterocyclic compounds. Overall the scope is to cover topics dealing with all areas within heterocyclic chemistry, both experimental and theoretical, of interest to the general heterocyclic chemistry community. The series consists of topic related volumes edited by renowned editors with contributions of experts in the field.

This chapter covers the chemistry of three-membered heterocycles, epoxides, aziridines, azirines, and oxaziridines for the calendar year 2012. For each of the different three-membered heterocycles, a listing of new methods of synthesis and new examples of reactions are presented. This review is not comprehensive for 2012 but covers methods and reactions that should be synthetically useful for the practicing chemist and those interested in the study of three-membered heterocyclic ring systems.

The review covers work published in the calendar year 2012. The synthesis of four-membered oxygen- and nitrogen-containing heterocycles is reviewed. New developments in the reaction chemistry of four-membered heterocycles, especially β-lactams, are covered.

The series Topics in Heterocyclic Chemistry presents critical reviews on present and future trends in the research of heterocyclic compounds. Overall the scope is to cover topics dealing with all areas within heterocyclic chemistry, both experimental and theoretical, of interest to the general heterocyclic chemistry community. The series consists of topic related volumes edited by renowned editors with contributions of experts in the field.

1. Structures and main physical properties of aromatic heterocycles 1; 2. Reactivity of aromatic heterocycles 18; 3. synthesis of aromatic heterocycles 56; 4. Typical reactivity of pyridines, quinolines, and isoquinolines 64; 5. Pyridines: reactions and synthesis 72; 6. Quinolines and isoquinolines: reactions and synthesis 120; 7. Typical reactivity of pyrylium and benzopyrylium ions, pyrones and benzopyrones 146; 8. Pyryliums, 2- and 4-pyrones: reactions and synthesis 148; 9. Benzopyryliums and benzopyrones: reactions and synthesis 166; 10. Typical reactivity of the diazines: pyridazine, pyrimidine and pyrazine 185; 11. the diazines: pyridazine, pyrimidine and pyrazine: reactions and synthesis 189; 12. Typical reactivity of pyrroles, thiophenes and furans 225; 13. Pyrroles: reactions and synthesis 229; 14. Thiophenes: reactions and synthesis 259; 15. Furans: reactions and synthesis 278; 16. Reactivity of indoles, benzo[b]thiophenes, benzo[b]furans, isoindoles, benzo[c]thiophenes and isobenzofurans 301; 17. Indoles: reactions and synthesis 305; 18. Benzo[b]thiophenes and benzo[b]furans: reactions and synthesis 350; 19. Isoindoles, benzo[c]thiophenes and isobenzofurans: reactions and synthesis 360; 20. Typical reactivity of 1,3- and 1,2-azoles 367; 21. 1,3-Azoles: imidazoles, thiazoles, and oxazoles: reactions and synthesis 370; 22. 1,2-Azoles: pyrazoles, isothiazoles and isoxazoles: reactions and synthesis 394; 23. Purines: reactions and synthesis 409; 24. Heterocycles containing a ring-junction nitrogen 434; 25. Heterocycles containing more than two hetero atoms 447; 26. Saturated and partially unsaturated heterocyclic compounds: reactions and synthesis 463; 27. Appendix: answers to exercises 479.