419

The "419" scam is an aspect of transnational financial crime with a 'modus operandi' peculiar to the Nigerian swindler. The most recurrent type of transnational "419" scam is the "advance fee fraud". It is usually introduced in the form of a business contract, a transfer of stolen money or money from over-invoiced contract, the purchase of crude oil from Nigeria at a relatively cheap rate, and transfer of money left by a deceased person (will scam). In all situations, the victim is eventually lured into an endless period of advance fee payment. The "black money" scam is almost as popular as the advance fee fraud and is sometimes, practiced in continuation of advance fee scam. The victim is introduced to a large sum of money that needs to be cleaned by a special liquid solution. The victim parts with money upon the supposition that the black money would be cleaned and given to him. The con man gets away with the victim's money leaving him with a bunch of worthless papers. The 419 Scam business is not restricted to defrauding foreigners. There are two groups of con men in Nigeria: The local and the International "419ners". The local groups specialize in defrauding Nigerians while the more advanced International syndicates fish out victims from Europe, America, Asia and South Africa. The local ones eventually grow to international status after they have made enough money to acquire computers, facsimile and telephone lines and other gadgets necessary for the scam business. "Tive's insight of the perpetrators behind the advance fee fraud coupled with his knowledge on the topic show that he is a true authority on the subject."- Ralph A. Gonzales, Special Agent-in-Charge, United States Secret Service "This book by Charles Tive is an excellent portrayal of the 419 scam, its operators, and its basic operations."-Gary M. Gibson, Regional Security Officer, U.S. Consulate Lagos. ".is a scholarly but readable summary of the history of and methods used by Nigerian scam / 419 operations."-The 419 Coalition, USA.

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The various forms of "Advance Fee Fraud" make up a five-billion-US-dollar (1996 figures, now much more) worldwide scam, which has run since the early 1980s under successive governments of Nigeria. It is generally referred to as "419 Fraud" (Four-One-Nine) or "The Nigerian Connection." This book describes the problem, its origins, extent and various permutations. I have drawn on my own experiences of being defrauded by "419 scammers", as well as those of other such victims. Hopefully it will prevent others from becoming embroiled in these scams. The Advance Fee Fraud is perpetrated by enticing the victim with a bogus "business" proposal which promises millions of US dollars as a reward. Most of these scams involve requests to help move large sums of money from one part of the world to another, with the promise of a substantial share of the cash in return.

A startlingly original tale of heartbreak and suspense A car tumbles down a snowy ravine. Accident or suicide? On the other side of the world, a young woman walks out of a sandstorm in sub-Saharan Africa. In the labyrinth of the Niger Delta, a young boy learns to survive by navigating through the gas flares and oil spills of a ruined landscape. In the seething heat of Lagos City, a criminal cartel scours the internet looking for victims. Lives intersect, worlds collide, a family falls apart. And it all begins with a single email: “Dear Sir, I am the son of an exiled Nigerian diplomat, and I need your help ...” 419 takes readers behind the scene of the world’s most insidious internet scam. When Laura’s father gets caught up in one such swindle and pays with his life, she is forced to leave the comfort of North America to make a journey deep into the dangerous back streets and alleyways of the Lagos underworld to confront her father’s killer. What she finds there will change her life forever ... From the internationally bestselling travel writer Will Ferguson, author of Happiness™ and Spanish Fly, comes a novel both epic in its sweep and intimate in its portrayal of human suffering. It’s a story of love in a time of darkness, of one woman’s search for redemption, and of a young boy who will triumph above it all.

This document specifies the terms and definitions, classification and code, size, shape, weight, technical requirements, inspection and test, packaging, marking and inspection documents of cold-rolled conventional high-strength steel sheets and strips. This document applies to cold-rolled conventional high-strength steel sheets and strips (hereinafter referred to as steel sheets and strips), which have a thickness of 0.40 mm ~ 3.5 mm, as produced by Baoshan Iron and Steel Co., Ltd.

This Standard was formulated by reference of EN 10268:2006+A1:2003, VDA 239-100:2016. This Standard replaced Q/BQB 419-2018.