Access To Health And Education Services In Ethiopia

Members of four communities, both rural and urban, were interviewed about their problems in gaining access to basic health care, reproductive-health services, and primary education ; front-line service providers were also interviewed. Representatives of centra l and regional government and international donors were consulted, and policy documents reviewed.

This report analyses the findings of an extensive research project conducted by Oxfam in Ethiopia in the context rising external debt communities, both rural and urban, were interviewed about their problems in gaining access to basic health care, reproductive-health services and primary education.

Despite enjoying considerable economic growth in recent years, Ethiopia is still struggling with the impacts of civil war and protracted humanitarian emergencies, including the ongoing armed conflict between government and Tigrayan forces that began in November 2020. Against a backdrop of insecurity, political instability and periodic famine, the country’s education and health systems remain underdeveloped, with limited funding and many inequalities. The challenges are especially acute for the nation’s minorities and indigenous peoples. Despite significant progress in both areas at the national level, many of these benefits remain out of reach for a large proportion of minority and indigenous community members. This briefing, Access to Education and Health Services among Minority and Indigenous Communities in Ethiopia, presents a selection of relevant indicators to highlight these continued inequalities and the need to ensure these are meaningfully addressed.

Ethiopia’s model for delivering basic services appears to be succeeding and to confirm that services improve when service providers are more accountable to citizens. The approach chosen in Ethiopia is pro-poor with the bottom 40 percent benefiting relatively more. The approach is also reducing other disparities including gender and historic.

Ethiopia is one of the world's oldest countries; its Rift Valley may be the location where the ancestors of humankind originated more than four million years ago. With a population of 67 million people today, it is the third most populous country on the African continent after Nigeria and Egypt. It is the source of 86 percent of the water reaching the Aswan Dam in Egypt, most of it carried by the amazing Blue Nile. Ethiopia offers major historical sites such as the pre-Christian palace at Yeha, the stele and tombs of the old Kingdom of Axum, and the rock-carved churches of Lalibela. For anyone interested in Ethiopia, this historical dictionary, through its individual and carefully cross-referenced entries, captures the importance and intrigue of this truly significant African nation. Historical Dictionary of Ethiopia appeals to all levels of readers, providing entries for each of Ethiopia's 85 ethnic groups and covering a broad range of cultural, political, and economic topics. Readers interested in the cultural aspects or who are planning to visit Ethiopia will find a wealth of entries on art, literature, handicrafts, music, dance, bird life, geography, and historic tourist sites. Practitioners in government and non-governmental organizations will find entries on pressing economic, social, and political issues such as HIV/AIDS, female circumcision , debt, human rights, and the environment. The important historical role of missionaries and the combination of conflict and cooperation between Christians and Muslims in the region are also issues reviewed. And, finally, many of the entries highlight relations between Ethiopia and her neighbors-Eritrea, Somalia, Somaliland, Djibouti, Kenya, and Sudan. In the bibliography, considerable emphasis has been placed on including both new and old materials covering all facets of Ethiopia, organized for easy identification by areas of major interest.

The 1991 government change in Ethiopia ushered in a centralised system of governance, aimed to bring about harmony and cooperation between different groups and to promote local self-rule. It has proceeded in two phases: 1991-2001 centred on creating and powering National/Regional Governments, termed mid-level decentralisation. Further powers were devolved in 2001 through the District Level Decentralization Program and Urban Management Profram. This volume brings together studies by the Forum for Social Studies and others, with the aim of identifying knowledge gaps for further research and to generate debate on the issues in Ethiopia. The study is in two parts: a literature review seeking to document existing studies and highlight research gaps; and field work which involved a rapid assessment of eight weredas and two kifle ketemas in Addis Ababa. The other three studies are synopses of master theses submitted to the Institute of Regional and Local Development Studies of Addis Ababa University.

Despite enjoying considerable economic growth in recent years, Ethiopia is still struggling with the impacts of civil war and protracted humanitarian emergencies, including the ongoing armed conflict between government and Tigrayan forces that began in November 2020. Against a backdrop of insecurity, political instability and periodic famine, the country’s education and health systems remain underdeveloped, with limited funding and many inequalities. The challenges are especially acute for the nation’s minorities and indigenous peoples. Despite significant progress in both areas at the national level, many of these benefits remain out of reach for a large proportion of minority and indigenous community members. This briefing, Access to Education and Health Services among Minority and Indigenous Communities in Ethiopia, presents a selection of relevant indicators to highlight these continued inequalities and the need to ensure these are meaningfully addressed.

Faguet identifies the factors that determine the outcomes of national decentralization on the local level