Ambipolar Materials And Devices

This book highlights recent development of ambipolar materials involving materials design, fundamental principles, interface modifications, device structures, characteristics and promising applications.

Think like an electron Organic electronic materials have many applications and potential in low-cost electronics such as electronic barcodes and in light emitting devices, due to their easily tailored properties. While the chemical aspects and characterization have been widely studied, characterization of the electrical properties has been neglected, and classic textbook modeling has been applied. This is most striking in the analysis of thin-film transistors (TFTs) using thick “bulk” transistor (MOS-FET) descriptions. At first glance the TFTs appear to behave as regular MOS-FETs. However, upon closer examination it is clear that TFTs are unique and merit their own model. Understanding and interpreting measurements of organic devices, which are often seen as black-box measurements, is critical to developing better devices and this, therefore, has to be done with care. Electrical Characterization of Organic Electronic Materials and Devices Gives new insights into the electronic properties and measurement techniques for low-mobility electronic devices Characterizes the thin-film transistor using its own model Links the phenomena seen in different device structures and different measurement techniques Presents clearly both how to perform electrical measurements of organic and low-mobility materials and how to extract important information from these measurements Provides a much-needed theoretical foundation for organic electronics

Providing a full overview of organic/polymeric memory nanoscale materials, which are a potential substitute for conventional semiconductor memory systems.

This book presents the select proceedings of the International Conference on Advanced Functional Materials and Devices (AFMD 2021). It highlights the advancements in area of functional materials which includes electronic, magnetic, optical, adaptive and dielectric materials that are required to develop new functionalities with better performance in this new era of technology. The topics covered include materials for energy harvesting, biomedical applications, environmental monitoring, photonics and optoelectronic devices, strategic applications and high energy physics. This book will be a useful reference for beginners, researchers, academicians and professionals working in the area of material science and its allied fields.

Organic Light-Emitting Materials and Devices provides a single source of information covering all aspects of OLEDs, including the systematic investigation of organic light-emitting materials, device physics and engineering, and manufacturing and performance measurement techniques. This Second Edition is a compilation of the advances made in recent years and of the challenges facing the future development of OLED technology. Featuring chapters authored by internationally recognized academic and industrial experts, this authoritative text: Introduces the history, fundamental physics, and potential applications of OLEDs Reviews the synthesis, properties, and device performance of electroluminescent materials used in OLEDs Reflects the current state of molecular design, exemplifying more than 600 light-emitting polymers and highlighting the most efficient materials and devices Explores small molecules-based OLEDs, detailing hole- and electron-injection and electron-transport materials, electron- and hole-blocking materials, sensitizers, and fluorescent and phosphorescent light-emitting materials Describes solution-processable phosphorescent polymer LEDs, energy transfer processes, polarized OLEDs, anode materials, and vapor deposition manufacturing techniques employed in OLED fabrication Discusses flexible display, the backplane circuit technology for organic light-emitting displays, and the latest microstructural characterization and performance measurement techniques Contains abundant diagrams, device configurations, and molecular structures clearly illutrating the presented ideas Organic Light-Emitting Materials and Devices, Second Edition offers a comprehensive overview of the OLED field and can serve as a primary reference for those needing additional information in any particular subarea of organic electroluminescence. This book should attract the attention of materials scientists, synthetic chemists, solid-state physicists, and electronic device engineers, as well as industrial managers and patent lawyers engaged in OLED-related business areas.

In the near future, organic semiconductors may be used in a variety of products, including flat-screen TVs, e-book readers, and third-generation organic photovoltaics applications, to name just a few. While organic electronics has received increased attention in scientific journals, those working in this burgeoning field require more in-depth coverage of the subject. Considering the rapid development in this field, Organic Electronics: Materials, Processing, Devices and Applications is a long-overdue assessment of state-of-the-art technology in organic electronics. This valuable reference harnesses the insight of various experts in the field, who contribute entire chapters on their area of specialty, covering chemistry and materials, fundamental physics, device processing, fabrication, and applications. Coverage includes cutting-edge advances in: Organic vapor phase deposition to fabricate organic nanostructures Organic semiconductor device physics Organic thin film and vertical transistors Organic photovoltaic cells OLED technologies for flat panel displays and lighting With its detailed discussion of the latest developments in the field of organic semiconductor materials and devices, this versatile book is ideally suited as a reference tool for scientists, engineers, and researchers or as an overview for those new to the field. In either capacity, its broad range of material will serve as a base for the further development of new sciences and technologies in this area.

This book provides a comprehensive introduction to printed flexible electronics and their applications, including the basics of modern printing technologies, printable inks, performance characterization, device design, modeling, and fabrication processes. A wide range of materials used for printed flexible electronics are also covered in depth. Bridging the gap between the creation of structure and function, printed flexible electronics have been explored for manufacturing of flexible, stretchable, wearable, and conformal electronics device with conventional, 3D, and hybrid printing technologies. Advanced materials such as polymers, ceramics, nanoparticles, 2D materials, and nanocomposites have enabled a wide variety of applications, such as transparent conductive films, thin film transistors, printable solar cells, flexible energy harvesting and storage devices, electroluminescent devices, and wearable sensors. This book provides students, researchers and engineers with the information to understand the current status and future trends in printed flexible electronics, and acquire skills for selecting and using materials and additive manufacturing processes in the design of printed flexible electronics.

Device Architecture and Materials for Organic Light-Emitting Devices focuses on the design of new device and material concepts for organic light-emitting devices, thereby targeting high current densities and an improved control of the triplet concentration. A new light-emitting device architecture, the OLED with field-effect electron transport, is demonstrated. This device is a hybrid between a diode and a field-effect transistor. Compared to conventional OLEDs, the metallic cathode is displaced by one to several micrometers from the light-emitting zone, reducing optical absorption losses. The electrons injected by the cathode accumulate at an organic heterojunction and are transported to the light-emission zone by field-effect. High mobilities for charge carriers are achieved in this way, enabling a high current density and a reduced number of charge carriers in the device. Pulsed excitation experiments show that pulses down to 1 μs can be applied to this structure without affecting the light intensity, suggesting that pulsed excitation might be useful to reduce the accumulation of triplets in the device. The combination of all these properties makes the OLED with field-effect electron transport particularly interesting for waveguide devices and future electrically pumped lasers. In addition, triplet-emitter doped organic materials, as well as the use of triplet scavengers in conjugated polymers are investigated.