Atlanta Compromise

The Atlanta Compromise was an address by African-American leader Booker T. Washington on September 18, 1895. Given to a predominantly White audience at the Cotton States and International Exposition in Atlanta, Georgia, the speech has been recognized as one of the most important and influential speeches in American history. The compromise was announced at the Atlanta Exposition Speech. The primary architect of the compromise, on behalf of the African-Americans, was Booker T. Washington, president of the Tuskegee Institute. Supporters of Washington and the Atlanta compromise were termed the "Tuskegee Machine." The agreement was never written down. Essential elements of the agreement were that blacks would not ask for the right to vote, they would not retaliate against racist behavior, they would tolerate segregation and discrimination, that they would receive free basic education, education would be limited to vocational or industrial training (for instance as teachers or nurses), liberal arts education would be prohibited (for instance, college education in the classics, humanities, art, or literature). After the turn of the 20th century, other black leaders, most notably W. E. B. Du Bois and William Monroe Trotter - (a group Du Bois would call The Talented Tenth), took issue with the compromise, instead believing that African-Americans should engage in a struggle for civil rights. W. E. B. Du Bois coined the term "Atlanta Compromise" to denote the agreement. The term "accommodationism" is also used to denote the essence of the Atlanta compromise. After Washington's death in 1915, supporters of the Atlanta compromise gradually shifted their support to civil rights activism, until the modern Civil rights movement commenced in the 1950s. Booker Taliaferro Washington (April 5, 1856 - November 14, 1915) was an African-American educator, author, orator, and advisor to presidents of the United States. Between 1890 and 1915, Washington was the dominant leader in the African-American community. Washington was of the last generation of black American leaders born into slavery and became the leading voice of the former slaves and their descendants, who were newly oppressed by disfranchisement and the Jim Crow discriminatory laws enacted in the post-Reconstruction Southern states in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. In 1895 his Atlanta compromise called for avoiding confrontation over segregation and instead putting more reliance on long-term educational and economic advancement in the black community.

In 1895, the Atlanta Exposition thrust the city and the South into the forefront of international news. Atlantans, legendary for their pluck, resolved to host an exhibition of the world's cultural, agricultural, and manufacturing products while promoting civil liberties for women and African Americans. Patriotism and industrialism fueled the show. Thirty years before, the Civil War had destroyed the cotton-producing states of America, and this exhibition illustrated those states' progress in the years following the war. In one day, attendees such as U.S. president Grover Cleveland could view Italian art, a live school for the deaf, the Liberty Bell, trained elephants, a Mexican village, and, of course, cotton manufacturing. There were other, smaller fairs in Atlanta, but the Cotton States and International Exposition will be known forever as "the Atlanta Exposition" because of its magnitude--both physically and intellectually. Today the remnants of the fairgrounds comprise Atlanta's beloved green spot: Piedmont Park.

"A buried part of history comes to light in this informative account of the Black Wall Street Massacre in Tulsa, Oklahoma in 1921"--

The Cotton States Exposition of 1895 was a world's fair in Atlanta held to stimulate foreign and domestic trade for a region in an economic depression. Theda Perdue uses the exposition to examine the competing agendas of white supremacist organizers and the peoples of color who participated. Close examination reveals that the Cotton States Exposition was as much about challenges to white supremacy as about its triumph.

Understand the historical and cultural contributions of African Americans Get to know the people, places, and events that shaped the African American experience Want to better understand black history? This comprehensive, straight-forward guide traces the African American journey, from Africa and the slave trade through the Civil War, Jim Crow, and the new millennium. You'll be an eyewitness to the pivotal events that impacted America's past, present, and future - and meet the inspiring leaders who struggled to bring about change. How Africans came to America Black life before - and after - Civil Rights How slaves fought to be free The evolution of African American culture Great accomplishments by black citizens What it means to be black in America today

This one-volume reference work examines a broad range of topics related to the establishment, maintenance, and eventual dismantling of the discriminatory system known as Jim Crow. Many Americans imagine that African Americans' struggle to achieve equal rights has advanced in a linear fashion from the end of slavery until the present. In reality, for more than six decades, African Americans had their civil rights and basic human rights systematically denied in much of the nation. Jim Crow: A Historical Encyclopedia of the American Mosaic sheds new light on how the systematic denigration of African Americans after slavery-known collectively as "Jim Crow"-was established, maintained, and eventually dismantled. Written in a manner appropriate for high school and junior high students as well as undergraduate readers, this book examines the period of Jim Crow after slavery that is often overlooked in American history curricula. An introductory essay frames the work and explains the significance and scope of this regrettable period in American history. Written by experts in their fields, the accessible entries will enable readers to understand the long hard road before the inception of the Civil Rights Movement in the 20th century while also gaining a better understanding of the experiences of minorities in the United States-African Americans, in particular.

Using Figurative Language or Rhetoric The Souls of Black Folk Atlanta Compromise Speech An Address by Elizabeth Cady Stanton From the House of Yemanja How to Write the Great American Indian Novel Paths to College and Career Jossey-Bass and PCG Education are proud to bring the Florida edition of our grades 6–12 Paths to College and Career English Language Arts (ELA) curriculum and professional development resources to Florida educators. Originally developed for EngageNY, we've updated the curriculum with a focus on the shifts in instructional practice and student experiences the Language Arts Florida Standards require. Paths to College and Career includes daily lesson plans, guiding questions, recommended texts, scaffolding strategies and classroom resources that support student success. Paths to College and Career is a concrete and practical ELA instructional program that engages students with compelling and complex texts. At each grade level, Paths to College and Career delivers a yearlong curriculum that develops all students' ability to read closely and engage in text-based discussions, build evidence-based claims and arguments, conduct research and write from sources, and expand their academic vocabulary. Paths to College and Career's instructional resources address the needs of all learners, including students with disabilities, English language learners, and gifted students. This enhanced curriculum provides teachers with freshly designed teacher materials that include everything educators need to manage instruction, and student journals that give students learning tools for each module and a single place to organize and document their learning. The Florida edition of Paths to College and Career adds even more resources to support teacher instruction and student learning of the Language Arts Florida Standards, including additional guidance for how to help English language learners and supplementary selected-response and constructed-response assessment options. As the creators of the Paths to College and Career ELA curriculum for grades 6–12, PCG Education provides a professional learning program that ensures the success of the curriculum. The program includes: Nationally recognized professional development from an organization that has been immersed in the LAFS since their inception. Blended learning experiences for teachers and leaders that enrich and extend the learning. A train-the-trainer program that builds capacity and provides resources and individual support for embedded leaders and coaches. Paths to College and Career offers schools and districts a unique approach to ensuring college and career readiness for all students, providing state-of-the-art curriculum and state-of-the-art implementation support. ABOUT PCG EDUCATION PCG Education, a division of Public Consulting Group, works with schools, districts, and state education agencies to build their capacity for instructional and programmatic improvements. We provide curriculum development, coaching, professional development, and technical assistance services. Our partnership with educators and leaders in Florida ensures effective implementation of state standards and college and career readiness for all students.