Borish S Clinical Refraction

Now updated and expanded to cover the latest technologies, this full-color text on clinical refraction uses an easy-to-read format to give optometry students and practitioners all the important information they need. Also covers a wide range of other aspects of the eye exam, including anterior and posterior segment evaluations, contact lens, ocular pharmacology, and visual field analysis. Four new chapters cover wavefront-guided refraction, optical correction with refractive surgeries, prosthetic devices, and patients with ocular pathology. Offer precise, step-by-step how-to's for performing all of the most effective refractive techniques. Presents individualized refractive approaches for the full range of patients, including special patient populations. Contriubtors are internationally recognized, leading authorities in the field. New full-color design with full-color images throughout. Completely updated and expanded to include current technologies. A new chapter on Optical Correction with Refractive Surgeries, including keratoplasty, traditional refractive surgeries (e.g. LASIK and PRK), crystalline lens extraction with and without pseudophakia, the new presbyopic surgery, etc. A new chapter on Wavefront Guided Refraction provides information on the advantages and limitations the Hartmann-Shack Method for objective refraction plus aberrometry and the refraction and the use of in the correction of the eye with spectacles, contact lenses, and refractive surgery. A new chapter on Patients with Ocular Pathology reflects the most current knowledge of patients with ocular pathologies. Provides information on Optical Correction with Prosthetic Devices, including corneal onlays, stromal implants, phakic intraocular lenses, etc. Includes new chapters and/or discussions on such topics as: Aberrations of the Eye, Refractive Consequences of Eye Pathology, Diagnosis and Treatment of Dry Eye, Diagnosis of Pathology of the Anterior Segment, Diagnosis of Glaucoma, and Diagnosis of Pathology of the Posterior Segment. Visual Acuity chapter expanded to include the effect of refractive error on visual acuity and statistics on how much of a change in visual acuity is significant. Objective Refraction, Corneal Topography, and Visual Field Analysis chapters include the addition of new electro-optical and computer techniques and equipment. Chapters on Multifocal Spectacle Lenses and Contact Lenses now cover newer progressive addition lenses and contact lenses that are now on the market. Electrodiagnosis chapter revised to take a more clinical approach.

Internationally recognized authorities contribute to this contemporary, definitive reference. Addresses the scientific and biological foundations of refractive status; current refractive and adjunct examination methods; clinical refractive procedures; forms of optical correction; prescription and dispensing of optical corrections; and management of special refractive conditions. Coverage within this work includes: Basic principles and analysis of refractive status, Adjunct examinations, The refraction, Latest in electronic and computerized analysis and prescription of optical corrections, Special considerations: including infants and children, amblyopia, strabismus, hugh refractive error, the elderly, and patients with low vision. Colour illustrations within the book provide essential information on colour vision testing, corneal topography, and other vital topics. Gives practical hands-on approach to match the clinical situation making it easier to link principles with clinical practice. Provides clinicians with the knowledge to update their techniques. A revision of a classic Clinical Refraction 3/e, last published in 1975.

Retinoscopy is an eye exam that determines the refractive error of the eye (long sighted, short sighted, astigmatism). A refraction test indicates the strength of the prescription needed for glasses or contact lenses. The new edition of this book provides a concise overview of clinical refraction. Presented in an easy to read format, it is divided into two main sections. The first part explains basic clinical procedures for routine refraction, beginning with an introduction to instruments and the procedure, followed by aspects of the test for different disorders including myopia (short sightedness), astigmatism, keratoconus and refraction in children. Section two provides in depth discussion on retinoscopy and correct use of the retinoscope. The second edition has been fully revised and updated to explain the latest advances in the field, and is further enhanced by clinical images and figures. Key points Practical guide to clinical refraction and retinoscopy Fully revised and updated second edition Explains basic procedures and instruments for refraction test and refraction in different ophthalmic disorders Previous edition (9789351520634) published in 2014

The ultimate ophthalmic dispensing reference, this book provides a step-by-step system for properly fitting and adjusting eyewear. It covers every aspect of dispensing — from basic terminology to frame selection to eyewear fitting, adjusting, and repairing. Perfect for both students who are just learning about dispensing and practitioners who want to keep their skills up to date, this resource offers in-depth discussions of all types of lenses, including multifocal, progressive, absorptive, safety, recreational, aspheric, and high index. Plus, it goes beyond the basics to explore the "how" and "why" behind lens selection, to help you better understand and meet your patients' vision needs. A glossary of key terms provides easy access to definitions. Proficiency tests at the end of each chapter reinforce your understanding of the material through multiple-choice, fill-in-the-blank, matching, and true/false questions. A new full-color design with hundreds of illustrations that clearly demonstrate key procedures, concepts, and techniques. Updated coverage of the latest dispensing procedures and equipment. Detailed information on the newest types of lenses, including progressive, absorptive, aspheric, and atoric. Updated photos feature more current frames and lenses, keeping the book up to date with today's eye care trends.

Deals with the history of eyeglasses from their invention in Italy ca. 1286 to the appearance of the telescope three cent. later. "By the end of the 16th cent. eyeglasses were as common in western and central Europe as desktop computers are in western developed countries today." Eyeglasses served an important technological function at both the intellectual and practical level, not only easing the textual studies of scholars but also easing the work of craftsmen/small bus. During the 15th cent. two crucial developments occurred: the ability to grind convex lenses for various levels of presbyopia and the ability to grind concave lenses for the correction of myopia. As a result, eyeglasses could be made almost to prescription by the early 17th cent. Illus.

This book explores the development, optics and physiology of astigmatism and places this knowledge in the context of modern management of this aspect of refractive error. It is written by, and aimed at, the astigmatism practitioner to assist in understanding astigmatism and its amelioration by optical and surgical techniques. It also addresses the integration of astigmatism management into the surgical approach to cataract and corneal disease including corneal transplantation.