Cardio Physiology Challenging Empirical Philosophy

With this volume of three essays, the authors want to create an opportunity for dialogue between different disciplines by taking a closer look at three cardio-physiological examples. In the essays presented, we will look at the exploration of different cardiological topics from the 20th century, all of which have contributed to a better understanding of certain aspects of cardiac activity. Not only do these insights provide a more complete picture of these cardiac phenomena, but it is also within this context that we can look for and into the patterns of regularities which govern this living organism. Our goal is to stimulate a dialogue on the philosophy of science in the spirit of Hans Reichenbach.

The volume and complexity of information, together with the number of abstraction levels and the size of data and knowledge bases, grow continually. Data originating from diverse sources involves a combination of data from traditional legacy sources and unstructured data requiring backwards modeling, meanwhile, information modeling and knowledge bases have become important contributors to 21st-century academic and industrial research. This book presents the proceedings of EJC 2023, the 33rd International Conference on Information Modeling and Knowledge Bases, held from 5 to 9 June 2023 in Maribor, Slovenia. The aim of the EJC conferences is to bring together experts from different areas of computer science and from other disciplines that share the common interest of understanding and solving the problems of information modeling and knowledge bases and applying the results of research to practice. The conference constitutes a research forum for the exchange of results and experiences by academics and practitioners dealing with information and knowledge bases. The topics covered at EJC 2023 encompass a wide range of themes including conceptual modeling; knowledge and information modeling and discovery; linguistic modeling; cross-cultural communication and social computing; environmental modeling and engineering; and multimedia data modeling and systems. In the spirit of adapting to the changes taking place in these areas of research, the conference was also open to new topics related to its main themes. Providing a current overview of progress in the field, this book will be of interest to all those whose work involves the use of information modeling and knowledge bases.

Bernard Lonergan identified the need and possibility of what he called "generalized empirical method" in science and philosophy. Implementation will be a future community achievement. The book enters into details of a selection of examples in the sciences and philosophy of science. These are provided not to engage in, or blend the present aim with traditional philosophical debate, but as points of entry to help reveal the possibility and need of balanced empirical method. Taking words of Lonergan: "(Q)uestions of method are practical. So my purpose in these (chapters) is not to demonstrate what is necessary. It is not to forecast what is probable. It is ... to invite you to share in the exploration of a proposal" (Bernard Lonergan, A Third Collection (1985), 114). The main examples are drawn from biochemistry and biology, although heuristics envisioned will include all sciences.

The study guide that helps you to truly understand rather than merely memorize the essential principles of cardiovascular medicine The goal of this unique review is to give you a working understanding of the key concepts of cardiovascular physiology. Concise but thorough, Cardiovascular Physiology focuses on the facts you need to get a solid big picture overview of how the cardiovascular system operates under normal and abnormal situations. There is no faster or more effective way to learn how the key principles of cardiovascular function apply to common physiological and pathological challenges than this engagingly-written guide. Features: Clarifies the details of physiologic mechanisms and their role in pathologic states Links cardiovascular physiology to diagnosis and treatment Summarizes key concepts at the end of each chapter Highlights must-know information with chapter objectives Provides the perfect quick review for the USMLE Step 1 Reinforces learning with study questions at the end of each chapter Keeps you up to date on the latest research and developments in this ever-changing field The content you need to gain a thorough understanding of this essential subject: Overview of the Cardiovascular System, Characteristics of Cardiac Muscle Cells, The Heart Pump, Measurement of Cardiac Function, Cardiac Abnormalities, The Peripheral Vascular System, Vascular Control, Central Venous Pressure: An Indicator of Circulatory Hemodynamics, Regulation of Arterial Pressure, Cardiovascular Response to Physiological Stresses, Cardiovascular Function in Pathological Situations.

Philosophical and Empirical Approaches to Psychology: Mentalism vs. Anti-Mentalism philosophically analyzes four different approaches to psychology: introspectionism, behaviourism, cognitive psychology, and cognitive neuroscience to explore the concept of “the mind,” which developed from the late nineteenth and early twentieth century up through present day psychology. The resulting ideas originating from these approaches are divided into two main groups in this book, mentalism (whose supporters assume that mind is not reducible to something else) and anti-mentalism (whose supporters assume that mind is indeed reducible to something else). This book argues that adopting one idea over another can have a profound influence in a psychologist’s research. Further, the author shows that some controversial psychological notions like “consciousness” pertain to a particular mentalistic approach. Many psychologists do not consider such notions scientific, but he argues that this depends upon their adherence to a certain anti-mentalistic approach or to a specific mentalistic perspective. The book examines these issues by assessing experimental psychology in relation to neurobiology and philosophy, offering an integration of philosophical and theoretical chapters along with empirical and experimental chapters. Theoretically, the arguments draw from philosophy of psychology and experimental psychology. Using empirical research, Philosophical and Empirical Approaches to Psychology examines the role of the various mentalistic and anti-mentalistic approaches to psychology by integrating epistemological analysis and empirical research.

This book provides a new generation of research in which scholars are investigating mental health and human development as not merely the absence of illness or dysfunction, but also the presence of subjective well-being. Subjective well-being is a fundamental facet of the quality of life. The quality of an individual’s life can be assessed externally and objectively or internally and subjectively. From an objective standpoint, other people measure and judge another’s life according to criteria such as wealth or income, educational attainment, occupational prestige, and health status or longevity. Nations, communities, or individuals who are wealthier, have more education, and live longer are considered to have higher quality of life or personal well-being. The subjective standpoint emerged during the 1950s as an important alternative to the objective approach to measuring individual’s well-being. Subjectively, individuals evaluate their own lives as evaluations made, in theory, after reviewing, summing, and weighing the substance of their lives in social context. Research has clearly shown that measures of subjective well-being, which are conceptualized as indicators of mental health (or ‘mental well-being’), are factorially distinct from but correlated with measures of symptoms of common mental disorders such as depression. Despite countless proclamations that health is not merely the absence of illness, there had been little or no empirical research to verify this assumption. Research now supports the hypothesis that health is not merely the absence of illness, it is also the presence of higher levels of subjective well-being. In turn, there is growing recognition of the personal and social utility of subjective well-being, both higher levels of hedonic and eudaimonic wellbeing. Increased subjective well-being has been linked with higher personal and social ‘goods’: higher business profits, more worker productivity, greater employee retention; increased protection against mortality; increased protection against the onset and increase of physical disability with aging; improved cognitive and immune system functioning; and increased levels of social capital such as civic responsibility, generativity, community involvement and volunteering. This edited volume brings together for the first time the growing scientific literature on positive mental health that is now being conducted in many countries other than the USA and provides students and scholars with an invaluable source for teaching and for generating new ideas for furthering this important line of research.