Catalytic Materials For Hydrogen Production And Electro Oxidation Reactions

The implementation of hydrogen production processes on an industrial scale requires a comprehensive understanding of the chemical proprieties of catalytic materials and the applications such materials in electrocatalysis. This volume presents information about catalytic materials for hydrogen production and hydrogen valorization in electro-oxidation reactions. Chapters emphasize on materials for classical steam, CO2 sorption enhanced steam reforming and dry reforming for hydrogen production. The hydrogen electro-oxidation reaction in anodes of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs) is also explained. Chapters have been contributed by experts in industrial chemistry, adding a valuable perspective for readers. This volume is essential to chemical engineering researchers and industrial professionals interested in hydrogen production systems and the science behind the materials driving the reactions in key processes.

This book covers the recent development of metal oxides, hydroxides and their carbon composites for electrochemical oxidation of water in the production of hydrogen and oxygen as fuels. It includes a detailed discussion on synthesis methodologies for the metal oxides/hydroxides, structural/morphological characterizations, and the key parameters (Tafel plot, Turnover frequency, Faradic efficiency, overpotential, long cycle life etc.) needed to evaluate the electrocatalytic activity of the materials. Additionally, the mechanism behind the electro oxidation process is presented. Readers will find a comprehensive source on the close correlation between metal oxides, hydroxides, composites, and their properties and importance in the generation of hydrogen and oxygen from water. The depletion of fossil fuels from the earth’s crust, and related environmental issues such as climate change, demand that we search for alternative energy resources to achieve some form of sustainable future. In this regard, much scientific research has been devoted to technologies such as solar cells, wind turbines, fuel cells etc. Among them fuel cells attract much attention because of their versatility and efficiency. In fuel cells, different fuels such as hydrogen, CO2, alcohols, acids, methane, oxygen/air, etc. are used as the fuel, and catalysts are employed to produce a chemical reaction for generating electricity. Hence, it is very important to produce these fuels in an efficient, eco-friendly, and cost effective manner. The electrochemical splitting of water is an environmentally friendly process to produce hydrogen (the greener fuel used in fuel cells), but the efficiencies of these hydrogen evolution reactions (cathodic half reaction) are strongly dependent on the anodic half reaction (oxygen evolution reaction), i.e., the better the anodic half, the better will be the cathodic reaction. Further, this oxygen evolution reaction depends on the types of active electrocatalysts used. Though many more synthetic approaches have been explored and different electrocatalysts developed, oxide and hydroxide-based nanomaterials and composites (with graphene, carbon nanotubes etc.) show better performance. This may be due to the availability of more catalytic surface area and electro active centers to carry out the catalysis process.

Heterogeneous Catalysis: Materials and Applications focuses on heterogeneous catalysis applied to the elimination of atmospheric pollutants as an alternative solution for producing clean energy and the valorization of chemical products. The book helps users understand the properties of catalytic materials and catalysis phenomena governing electrocatalytic/catalytic reactions, and – more specifically – the study of surface and interface chemistry. By clustering knowledge in these fields, the book makes information available to both the academic and industrial communities. Further, it shows how heterogeneous catalysis applications can be used to solve environmental problems and convert energy through electrocatalytic reactions and chemical valorization. Sections cover nanomaterials for heterogeneous catalysis, heterogeneous catalysis mechanisms, SOX adsorption, greenhouse gases conversion, reforming reactions for hydrogen production, valorization of hydrogen energy, energy conversion and biomass valorization. Addresses topics of increasing interest to society such as the valorization of biomass, the use of polluting gases to produce value-added products, and the optimization of catalytic materials for water splitting, fuel cells, and other devices Discusses pollutant adsorption by industrial fume desulphurization processes Helps improve processes for obtaining chemicals using nonconventional technologies

Water Photo- and Electro-Catalysis Introduce yourself to the cutting-edge processes of water photo- and electro-catalysis with this important guide Photocatalysis and electrocatalysis reactions involving water are becoming an increasingly important component of energy and sustainability research. Water electrocatalysis and photo-electrocatalysis promise to have a significant impact on human energy production and its by-products, and to play a substantial role in solutions to global energy and environmental crises. Familiarity with these processes will be critical for sustainable energy production in the coming years. Water Photo- and Electro-Catalysis provides a detailed and readable introduction to these processes and their attendant technologies. It covers mechanisms, materials, and devices that catalyze water-based energy conversion, as well as introducing the theoretical principles that are driving the development of new technologies in this area. The result is an essential book for researchers and materials scientists in a range of fields. Water Photo- and Electro-Catalysis readers will also find: An editorial team with decades of combined experience in energy and materials science research Detailed treatment of electrocatalysis processes for hydrogen evolution (HER), oxygen/hydrogen peroxide evolution (OER/HPER), and more Analysis of mechanisms including heterogenous vs. homogenous photocatalysis, electrodes-based photo-electrocatalysis, and photovoltaic-electrocatalysis Water Photo- and Electro-Catalysis is a valuable reference for catalytic chemists, materials scientists, energy chemists, and all research and industry professionals in photo(electro)catalysis and sustainable energy fields.

This book offers comprehensive information on the main techniques for measuring water-oxidation-catalyst (WOC) performance, with a particular focus on the combined use of sacrificial oxidants and dyes within closed-batch reactors. It provides an overview of the latest advances in the synthesis of more efficient WOCs, followed by an analysis of the requirements for sustainable energy production. Readers will find a detailed description of the reaction mechanism used in catalyst assessment systems, which reveals the benefits and limitations of the most common sacrificial oxidant/dye pair. Experimental techniques including electrochemical methods for characterizing novel and non-photoactive WOCs are also described. Throughout the book, various manganese oxides are used as examples of the techniques reviewed or proposed systems. Cost considerations and technological perspectives of the scale-up of solar-driven hydrogen production are also addressed. Lastly, the book presents lessons learned from the implementation of a large-scale real-world device.

This book explores key parameters, properties and fundamental concepts of electrocatalysis. It also discusses the engineering strategies, current applications in fuel-cells, water-splitting, metal-ion batteries, and fuel generation. This book elucidates entire category viewpoints together with industrial applications. Therefore, all the sections of this book emphasize the recent advances of different types of electrocatalysts, current challenges, and state-of-the-art studies through detailed reviews. This book is the result of commitments by numerous experts in the field from various backgrounds and expertise and appeals to industrialists, researchers, scientists and in addition understudies from various teaches.

Hydrogen Electrochemical Production presents different avenues of hydrogen production for energy applications, including current developments and future perspectives, using an interdisciplinary approach. Part of the Hydrogen Energy and Fuel Cell Primers series, the volume synthesizes information from many sources, making it a useful reference for industry professionals, researchers and graduate students. The book examines various methods, explaining their advantages and limitations. The water electrolysis reaction and systems are explored from different points of view, including an assessment of state-of-the-art technologies. Alternatives to water for feeding the electrolysis cell anode and for electrochemical hydrogen production (such as alcohol or other compounds from biomass) are discussed. Explores current technology developments and future perspectives of hydrogen production for energy applications Examines the state-of-the art technology in electrolysis reaction and systems and discusses the advantages and limitations of various methods Covers alternatives to water for feeding electrolysis cell anode, including alcohol and other compounds from biomass

This contributed volume provides a critical review of research in the field of Electrochemical Promotion of Catalysis (EPOC). It presents recent developments during the past decade that have led to a better understanding of the field and towards applications of the EPOC concept. The chapters focus on the implementation of EPOC for developing sinter-resistant catalysts, catalysts for hydrogen production, ammonia production and carbon dioxide valorization. The book also highlights the developments towards electropromoted dispersed catalysts and for self-sustained electrochemical promotion which are currently expanding. This authoritative analysis of EPOC is useful for various scientific communities working at the interface of heterogeneous catalysis, solid state electrochemistry and materials science. It is of particular interest to groups whose research focuses on developments towards a better and more sustainable future.