Chemical Changes During Processing And Storage Of Foods

Chemical Changes During Processing and Storage of Foods: Implications for Food Quality and Human Health presents a comprehensive and updated discussion of the major chemical changes occurring in foods during processing and storage, the mechanisms and influencing factors involved, and their effects on food quality, shelf-life, food safety, and health. Food components undergo chemical reactions and interactions that produce both positive and negative consequences. This book brings together classical and recent knowledge to deliver a deeper understanding of this topic so that desirable alterations can be enhanced and undesirable changes avoided or reduced. Chemical Changes During Processing and Storage of Foods provides researchers in the fields of food science, nutrition, public health, medical sciences, food security, biochemistry, pharmacy, chemistry, chemical engineering, and agronomy with a strong knowledge to support their endeavors to improve the food we consume. It will also benefit undergraduate and graduate students working on a variety of disciplines in food chemistry Offers a comprehensive overview of the major chemical changes that occur in foods at the molecular level and discusses the positive and negative effects on food quality and human health Describes the mechanisms of these chemical changes and the factors that impede or accelerate their occurrence Helps to solve daily industry problems such as loss of color and nutritional quality, alteration of texture, flavor deterioration or development of off-flavor, loss of nutrients and bioactive compounds or lowering of their bioefficacy, and possible formation of toxic compounds

This volume results from the Eighth Basic Symposium held by the Institute of Food Technologists in Anaheim, California on June 8-9, 1984. The theme of the symposium was "Chemical Changes in Food during Processing." The speakers included a mix of individuals from academic institu tions, governmental agencies, and the food industry. Twenty speakers discussed topics ranging from the basic chemistry relating to food constituents to the more applied aspects of chemical changes in food components during food processing. It was the intent of the organizers to bring together a group of speakers who could address the chemistry of changes in food compo nents during processing from a mechanistic point of view. As a con sequence, the proceedings of this symposium emphasize the basic chemistry of changes in food constituents from a generic perspective which is intended to provide the reader with a background to address more specific problems that may arise.

Distributed in Hungary, Albania, Bulgaria, China, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, GDR, Dem People's Rep of Korea, Mongolia, Poland, Roumania, Soviet Union, Dem Rep of Vietnam and Yugoslavia by Avicenum, Czechoslovak Medical Press, Praha The book deals with the chemical reactions taking place in food during industrial processing and storage, and shows how various food components react according to their chemical composition and the influence of other components or processing conditions. The work describes in detail the changes of the main food components (proteins, saccharides, lipids) and of other components important from the standpoint of the nutritional, sensory and hygienic properties of food materials. Important changes of physical properties (which may affect the chemical reactivity) are given as well. The most important reactions are elucidated on examples from technological processes which also show the effect of these chemical reactions on the most important properties of food products.

Chemical changes that occur in foods during processing and storage are manifold and might be both desirable and undesirable in nature. While many of the processes are carried out intentionally, there are also certain unwanted changes that naturally occur in food and might have to be controlled. Therefore, efforts are made to devise processing technologies in which desirable attributes of foods are retained and their deleterious ef fects are minimized. While proteins, lipids and carbohydrates are the main nutrients of food that are affected by processing, it is their interaction with one another, as well as in volvement oflow-molecular-weight constituents that affects their flavor, color and overall acceptability. Thus, generation of aroma via thermal processing and bioconversion is of utmost importance in food preparation. Furthermore, processing operations must be opti mized in order to eliminate or reduce the content of antinutrients that are present in foods and retain their bioactive components. Therefore, while novel processing technologies such as freezing, irradiation, microwaving, high pressure treatment and fermentation might be employed, control process conditions in a manner that both the desirable sensory attributes and wholesomeness of foods are safeguarded is essential. Obviously, method ologies should also be established to quantitate the changes that occur in foods as a result of processing. This volume was developed from contributions provided by a group of internation ally-recognized lead scientists.

The contents of this book are the proceedings of the ACS symposium, "Impact of Processing on Food Safety," which was held April 16-17, 1997, at the American Chemical Society National Meeting in San Francisco, CA. This symposium brought together re searchers from diverse backgrounds in academia, government, and industry. Twenty speakers discussed topics ranging from the regulatory aspects of food processing to the microbiological and chemical changes in food during processing. The main goal of food processing is to improve the microbial safety of food by de stroying pathogenic and spoilage organisms. Food processing can also improve food safety by destroying or eliminating naturally occurring toxins, chemical contaminants, and antinutritive factors. Unfortunately, processing can also cause chemical changes that result in the formation of toxic or antinutritive factors. The purpose of this book is to summarize our knowledge of both the beneficial and deleterious effects of processing. Chapter I con siders the consumer's perceptions about food contaminants and food processing. Chapter 2 summarizes the effects of traditional and nontraditional processing methods on microor ganisms in food. Chapters 3-6 review the effects of processing on lipids (fatty acids and cholesterol) in food. Changes in the nutritive value of vitamins and minerals as a result of processing are discussed in chapter 7. Chapter 8 concentrates on how processing reduces the allergenicity of some foods.

Ten years after the publication of the first edition of Fundamentals of Food Process Engineering, there have been significant changes in both food science education and the food industry itself. Students now in the food science curric ulum are generally better prepared mathematically than their counterparts two decades ago. The food science curriculum in most schools in the United States has split into science and business options, with students in the science option following the Institute of Food Technologists' minimum requirements. The minimum requirements include the food engineering course, thus students en rolled in food engineering are generally better than average, and can be chal lenged with more rigor in the course material. The food industry itself has changed. Traditionally, the food industry has been primarily involved in the canning and freezing of agricultural commodi ties, and a company's operations generally remain within a single commodity. Now, the industry is becoming more diversified, with many companies involved in operations involving more than one type of commodity. A number of for mulated food products are now made where the commodity connection becomes obscure. The ability to solve problems is a valued asset in a technologist, and often, solving problems involves nothing more than applying principles learned in other areas to the problem at hand. A principle that may have been commonly used with one commodity may also be applied to another commodity to produce unique products.

Wiley's landmark food chemistry textbook that provides an all-in-one reference book, revised and updated The revised second edition of The Chemistry of Food provides a comprehensive overview of important compounds constituting of food and raw materials for food production. The authors highlight food’s structural features, chemical reactions, organoleptic properties, nutritional, and toxicological importance. The updated second edition reflects the thousands of new scientific papers concerning food chemistry and related disciplines that have been published since 2012. Recent discoveries deal with existing as well as new food constituents, their origin, reactivity, degradation, reactions with other compounds, organoleptic, biological, and other important properties. The second edition extends and supplements the current knowledge and presents new facts about chemistry, legislation, nutrition, and food safety. The main chapters of the book explore the chemical structure of substances and subchapters examine the properties or uses. This important resource: • Offers in a single volume an updated text dealing with food chemistry • Contains complete and fully up-to-date information on food chemistry, from structural features to applications • Features several visual aids including reaction schemes, diagrams and tables, and nearly 2,000 chemical structures • Written by internationally recognized authors on food chemistry Written for upper-level students, lecturers, researchers and the food industry, the revised second edition of The Chemistry of Food is a quick reference for almost anything food-related as pertains to its chemical properties and applications.

Biochemistry of Foods attempts to emphasize the importance of biochemistry in the rapidly developing field of food science, and to provide a deeper understanding of those chemical changes occurring in foods. The development of acceptable fruits and vegetables on postharvest storage is dependent on critical biochemical transformations taking place within the plant organ. The chapters discuss how meat and fish similarly undergo postmortem chemical changes which affect their consumer acceptability. In addition to natural changes, those induced by processing or mechanical injury affect the quality of foods. Such changes can be controlled through an understanding of the chemical reactions involved, for instance, in enzymic and nonenzymic browning. Increased sophistication in food production has resulted in the widespread use of enzymes in food-processing operations. Some of the more important enzymes are discussed, with an emphasis on their role in the food industry. The final chapter is concerned with the biodeterioration of foods. The various microorganisms involved in the degradation of proteins, carbohydrates, oils, and fats are discussed, with special reference to the individual biochemical reactions responsible for food deterioration.