Cilia And Flagella

Cilia and Flagella presents protocols accessible to all individuals working with eukaryotic cilia and flagella. These recipes delineate laboratory methods and reagents, as well as critical steps and pitfalls of the procedures. The volume covers the roles of cilia and flagella in cell assembly and motility, the cell cycle, cell-cell recognition and other sensory functions, as well as human diseases and disorders. Students, researchers, professors, and clinicians should find the book's combination of "classic" and innovative techniques essential to the study of cilia and flagella. Key Features * A complete guide containing more than 80 concise technical chapters friendly to both the novice and experienced researcher * Covers protocols for cilia and flagella across systems and species from Chlamydomonas and Euglena to mammals * Both classic and state-of-the-art methods readily adaptable across model systems, and designed to last the test of time, including microscopy, electrophoresis, and PCR * Relevant to clinicians interested in respiratory disease, male infertility, and other syndromes, who need to learn biochemical, molecular, and genetic approaches to studying cilia, flagella, and related structures

The Principles of Biology sequence (BI 211, 212 and 213) introduces biology as a scientific discipline for students planning to major in biology and other science disciplines. Laboratories and classroom activities introduce techniques used to study biological processes and provide opportunities for students to develop their ability to conduct research.

The Biology of Cilia and Flagella reviews advances in the study of cilia and flagella since 1928. This book focuses on four main topics—structure of cilia, factors that affect ciliary activity, movement of cilia and flagella, and coordination of beat of cilia. In these topics, this compilation specifically discusses the intracellular structures associated with ciliary bases; viscosity of the medium and ciliary activity, and energy relationships of cilia and flagella. The compounding of synchronously beating cilia, variations in shaft structure, and control of ciliary activity by the organism are also elaborated. This text likewise covers the determination of the rate of beat of cilia and root-fiber systems and coordination of ciliary beat. This publication is suitable for biologists and clinicians of other disciplines researching on the structure and physiology of cilia and flagella.

The presence/absence of gene families with central roles in endomembrane and cytoskeleton dynamics in a variety of eukaryotic taxa and an understanding of eukaryote phylogeny allow the cellular machineries present in the last common ancestor of eukaryotes to be accurately reconstructed. Such a reconstruction is fundamental in order to understand eukaryotic diversification, since this is the ancestral cell from which all diversity arose. This book discusses the evolutionary origin and diversification of eukaryotic endomembranes and cytoskeleton from a cell biological and comparative genomic perspective.

Motility is an inherent property of living organisms, both unicellular and multicellular. One of the principal mechanisms of cell motility is the use of peculiar biological engines flagella and cilia. These types of movers already appear in prokaryotic cells. However, despite the similar function, bacteria flagellum and eukaryote flagella have fundamentally different structures. Chapter One of this book by Drs. Meijiao Wang, Li Zhang and Hanna Li is devoted to a comparative analysis of the flagella of prokaryotes and eukaryotes.Its believed that flagellum in eukaryotic cells appeared for the first time in ancient flagellates. In Chapter Two, Drs. P. Huitorel, M. Cachon and J. Cosson summarize the results of their long-term studies of flagellum dinoflagellates. The "evolutionary invention" of the ancient flagellates proved to be so successful that the axonemal structure in flagellum has not changed for hundreds of millions of years. In the third chapter, Drs. V. Bondarenko, G. Prokopchuk and J. Cosson reported the analyses of kinetic characteristics of flagella motions in fish using the most modern methodologies.In Chapter Four, Drs. R. Uzbekov, A. Garanina, J. Burlaud-Gaillard and C. Bressac described spermiogenesis of the parasitic wasps Cotesia congregata. Their data showed that significant shortening of the flagella occurs during the formation of the mature spermatozoon and this flagella has been the shortest spermatozoon flagella described in the animal kingdom until now. Centriole in this spermatozoon is transformed into a special structure known as the "cogwheel structure" that does not contain microtubules.In the process of multicellular organism evolution, flagella, which ensure the mobility of individual cells, gave origin to two types of cilia. Motile cilia in the tissues like cerebral ventricles, respiratory epithelium and oviducts moved liquid flows relatively to immobile cell layers. The second type of cilia (primary cilia) lost motility function and acquired cellular sensitivity function. Moving and sensitive cilia grow from basal bodies, which originate from centrioles. Chapter Five by Drs. I. Alieva, C. Staub, S. Uzbekova and R. Uzbekov discusses which of the centrioles mother or daughter creates the moving cilium and sensitive cilium.In Chapter Six, Drs. D. Conkar and E. Nur Firat-Karalar describe in detail the biochemical aspects of primary cilium assembly pathways, intraflagellar transport and ectosome release. This chapter provides an overview of the trafficking pathways involved in ciliary compartmentalization and describes the primary ciliary as a sensitive "cell's antenna", participating in many regulatory processes in the cell.Defects in flagella and cilia cause many hereditary diseases. Different examples of ciliopathy are described in Chapter Seven by Drs. E. Bragina, E. Blanchard and R. Uzbekov.A wide review of experimental models, organisms and analytical methods to study flagella and cilia are presented to readers who want to learn about their main research directives.

Research into the cytoskeleton has produced a long list of polypeptides, whose properties "in vitro" have been studied in varying degrees of detail. The aim of this book is to introduce students to this array of proteins.

In recent years, the role of cilia in the study of health, development and disease has been increasingly clear, and new discoveries have made this an exciting and important field of research. This comprehensive volume, a complement to the new three-volume treatment of cilia and flagella by King and Pazour, presents easy-to-follow protocols and detailed background information for researchers working with cilia and flagella. *Covers protocols for primary cilia across several systems and species * Both classic and state-of-the-art methods readily adaptable across model systems, and designed to last the test of time * Relevant to clinicians and scientists working in a wide range of fields