Concurrency In Go

Concurrency can be notoriously difficult to get right, but fortunately, the Go open source programming language makes working with concurrency tractable and even easy. If you’re a developer familiar with Go, this practical book demonstrates best practices and patterns to help you incorporate concurrency into your systems. Author Katherine Cox-Buday takes you step-by-step through the process. You’ll understand how Go chooses to model concurrency, what issues arise from this model, and how you can compose primitives within this model to solve problems. Learn the skills and tooling you need to confidently write and implement concurrent systems of any size. Understand how Go addresses fundamental problems that make concurrency difficult to do correctly Learn the key differences between concurrency and parallelism Dig into the syntax of Go’s memory synchronization primitives Form patterns with these primitives to write maintainable concurrent code Compose patterns into a series of practices that enable you to write large, distributed systems that scale Learn the sophistication behind goroutines and how Go’s runtime stitches everything together

Publisher's Note: This edition from 2019 is outdated and is not compatible with the latest version of Go. A new third edition, updated for 2021 and featuring the latest in Go programming, has now been published. Key Features • Second edition of the bestselling guide to advanced Go programming, expanded to cover machine learning, more Go packages and a range of modern development techniques • Completes the Go developer’s education with real-world guides to building high-performance production systems • Packed with practical examples and patterns to apply to your own development work • Clearly explains Go nuances and features to remove the frustration from Go development Book Description Often referred to (incorrectly) as Golang, Go is the high-performance systems language of the future. Mastering Go, Second Edition helps you become a productive expert Go programmer, building and improving on the groundbreaking first edition. Mastering Go, Second Edition shows how to put Go to work on real production systems. For programmers who already know the Go language basics, this book provides examples, patterns, and clear explanations to help you deeply understand Go’s capabilities and apply them in your programming work. The book covers the nuances of Go, with in-depth guides on types and structures, packages, concurrency, network programming, compiler design, optimization, and more. Each chapter ends with exercises and resources to fully embed your new knowledge. This second edition includes a completely new chapter on machine learning in Go, guiding you from the foundation statistics techniques through simple regression and clustering to classification, neural networks, and anomaly detection. Other chapters are expanded to cover using Go with Docker and Kubernetes, Git, WebAssembly, JSON, and more. If you take the Go programming language seriously, the second edition of this book is an essential guide on expert techniques. What you will learn • Clear guidance on using Go for production systems • Detailed explanations of how Go internals work, the design choices behind the language, and how to optimize your Go code • A full guide to all Go data types, composite types, and data structures • Master packages, reflection, and interfaces for effective Go programming • Build high-performance systems networking code, including server and client-side applications • Interface with other systems using WebAssembly, JSON, and gRPC • Write reliable, high-performance concurrent code • Build machine learning systems in Go, from simple statistical regression to complex neural networks Who this book is for Mastering Go, Second Edition is for Go programmers who already know the language basics, and want to become expert Go practitioners. Table of Contents • Go and the Operating System • Understanding Go Internals • Working with Basic Go Data Types • The Uses of Composite Types • How to Enhance Go Code with Data Structures • What You Might Not Know About Go Packages and functions • Reflection and Interfaces for All Seasons • Telling a Unix System What to Do • Concurrency in Go: Goroutines, Channels, and Pipelines • Concurrency in Go: Advanced Topics • Code Testing, Optimization, and Profiling • The Foundations of Network Programming in Go • Network Programming: Building Your Own Servers and Clients • Machine Learning in Go Review "Mastering Go - Second Edition is a must-read for developers wanting to expand their knowledge of the language or wanting to pick it up from scratch" -- Alex Ellis - Founder of OpenFaaS Ltd, CNCF Ambassador

Summary Go in Action introduces the Go language, guiding you from inquisitive developer to Go guru. The book begins by introducing the unique features and concepts of Go. Then, you'll get hands-on experience writing real-world applications including websites and network servers, as well as techniques to manipulate and convert data at speeds that will make your friends jealous. Purchase of the print book includes a free eBook in PDF, Kindle, and ePub formats from Manning Publications. About the Technology Application development can be tricky enough even when you aren't dealing with complex systems programming problems like web-scale concurrency and real-time performance. While it's possible to solve these common issues with additional tools and frameworks, Go handles them right out of the box, making for a more natural and productive coding experience. Developed at Google, Go powers nimble startups as well as big enterprises—companies that rely on high-performing services in their infrastructure. About the Book Go in Action is for any intermediate-level developer who has experience with other programming languages and wants a jump-start in learning Go or a more thorough understanding of the language and its internals. This book provides an intensive, comprehensive, and idiomatic view of Go. It focuses on the specification and implementation of the language, including topics like language syntax, Go's type system, concurrency, channels, and testing. What's Inside Language specification and implementation Go's type system Internals of Go's data structures Testing and benchmarking About the Reader This book assumes you're a working developer proficient with another language like Java, Ruby, Python, C#, or C++. About the Authors William Kennedy is a seasoned software developer and author of the blog GoingGo.Net. Brian Ketelsen and Erik St. Martin are the organizers of GopherCon and coauthors of the Go-based Skynet framework. Table of Contents Introducing Go Go quick-start Packaging and tooling Arrays, slices, and maps Go's type system Concurrency Concurrency patterns Standard library Testing and benchmarking

Summary Get Programming with Go introduces you to the powerful Go language without confusing jargon or high-level theory. By working through 32 quick-fire lessons, you'll quickly pick up the basics of the innovative Go programming language! Purchase of the print book includes a free eBook in PDF, Kindle, and ePub formats from Manning Publications. About the Technology Go is a small programming language designed by Google to tackle big problems. Large projects mean large teams with people of varying levels of experience. Go offers a small, yet capable, language that can be understood and used by anyone, no matter their experience. About the Book Hobbyists, newcomers, and professionals alike can benefit from a fast, modern language; all you need is the right resource! Get Programming with Go provides a hands-on introduction to Go language fundamentals, serving as a solid foundation for your future programming projects. You'll master Go syntax, work with types and functions, and explore bigger ideas like state and concurrency, with plenty of exercises to lock in what you learn. What's inside Language concepts like slices, interfaces, pointers, and concurrency Seven capstone projects featuring spacefaring gophers, Mars rovers, ciphers, and simulations All examples run in the Go Playground - no installation required! About the Reader This book is for anyone familiar with computer programming, as well as anyone with the desire to learn. About the Author Nathan Youngman organizes the Edmonton Go meetup and is a mentor with Canada Learning Code. Roger Peppé contributes to Go and runs the Newcastle upon Tyne Go meetup. Table of Contents Unit 0 - GETTING STARTED Get ready, get set, Go Unit 1 - IMPERATIVE PROGRAMMING A glorified calculator Loops and branches Variable scope Capstone: Ticket to Mars Unit 2 - TYPES Real numbers Whole numbers Big numbers Multilingual text Converting between types Capstone: The Vigenère cipher Unit 3 - BUILDING BLOCKS Functions Methods First-class functions Capstone: Temperature tables Unit 4 - COLLECTIONS Arrayed in splendor Slices: Windows into arrays A bigger slice The ever-versatile map Capstone: A slice of life Unit 5 - STATE AND BEHAVIOR A little structure Go's got no class Composition and forwarding Interfaces Capstone: Martian animal sanctuary Unit 6 - DOWN THE GOPHER HOLE A few pointers Much ado about nil To err is human Capstone: Sudoku rules Unit 7 - CONCURRENT PROGRAMMING Goroutines and concurrency Concurrent state Capstone: Life on Mars

A tutorial leading the aspiring Go developer to full mastery of Golang's distributed features. Key Features This book provides enough concurrency theory to give you a contextual understanding of Go concurrency It gives weight to synchronous and asynchronous data streams in Golang web applications It makes Goroutines and Channels completely familiar and natural to Go developers Book Description Distributed Computing with Go gives developers with a good idea how basic Go development works the tools to fulfill the true potential of Golang development in a world of concurrent web and cloud applications. Nikhil starts out by setting up a professional Go development environment. Then you’ll learn the basic concepts and practices of Golang concurrent and parallel development. You’ll find out in the new few chapters how to balance resources and data with REST and standard web approaches while keeping concurrency in mind. Most Go applications these days will run in a data center or on the cloud, which is a condition upon which the next chapter depends. There, you’ll expand your skills considerably by writing a distributed document indexing system during the next two chapters. This system has to balance a large corpus of documents with considerable analytical demands. Another use case is the way in which a web application written in Go can be consciously redesigned to take distributed features into account. The chapter is rather interesting for Go developers who have to migrate existing Go applications to computationally and memory-intensive environments. The final chapter relates to the rather onerous task of testing parallel and distributed applications, something that is not usually taught in standard computer science curricula. What you will learn Gain proficiency with concurrency and parallelism in Go Learn how to test your application using Go's standard library Learn industry best practices with technologies such as REST, OpenAPI, Docker, and so on Design and build a distributed search engine Learn strategies on how to design a system for web scale Who this book is for This book is for developers who are familiar with the Golang syntax and have a good idea of how basic Go development works. It would be advantageous if you have been through a web application product cycle, although it’s not necessary.

Proven methodologies and concurrency techniques that will help you write faster and better code with Go programming Key FeaturesExplore Go’s profiling tools to write faster programs by identifying and fixing bottlenecksAddress Go-specific performance issues such as memory allocation and garbage collectionDelve into the subtleties of concurrency and discover how to successfully implement it in everyday applicationsBook Description Go is an easy-to-write language that is popular among developers thanks to its features such as concurrency, portability, and ability to reduce complexity. This Golang book will teach you how to construct idiomatic Go code that is reusable and highly performant. Starting with an introduction to performance concepts, you’ll understand the ideology behind Go’s performance. You’ll then learn how to effectively implement Go data structures and algorithms along with exploring data manipulation and organization to write programs for scalable software. This book covers channels and goroutines for parallelism and concurrency to write high-performance code for distributed systems. As you advance, you’ll learn how to manage memory effectively. You’ll explore the compute unified device architecture (CUDA) application programming interface (API), use containers to build Go code, and work with the Go build cache for quicker compilation. You’ll also get to grips with profiling and tracing Go code for detecting bottlenecks in your system. Finally, you’ll evaluate clusters and job queues for performance optimization and monitor the application for performance regression. By the end of this Go programming book, you’ll be able to improve existing code and fulfill customer requirements by writing efficient programs. What you will learnOrganize and manipulate data effectively with clusters and job queuesExplore commonly applied Go data structures and algorithmsWrite anonymous functions in Go to build reusable appsProfile and trace Go apps to reduce bottlenecks and improve efficiencyDeploy, monitor, and iterate Go programs with a focus on performanceDive into memory management and CPU and GPU parallelism in GoWho this book is for This Golang book is a must for developers and professionals who have an intermediate-to-advanced understanding of Go programming, and are interested in improving their speed of code execution.

Explore the fundamentals of systems programming starting from kernel API and filesystem to network programming and process communications Key FeaturesLearn how to write Unix and Linux system code in Golang v1.12Perform inter-process communication using pipes, message queues, shared memory, and semaphoresExplore modern Go features such as goroutines and channels that facilitate systems programmingBook Description System software and applications were largely created using low-level languages such as C or C++. Go is a modern language that combines simplicity, concurrency, and performance, making it a good alternative for building system applications for Linux and macOS. This Go book introduces Unix and systems programming to help you understand the components the OS has to offer, ranging from the kernel API to the filesystem, and familiarize yourself with Go and its specifications. You'll also learn how to optimize input and output operations with files and streams of data, which are useful tools in building pseudo terminal applications. You'll gain insights into how processes communicate with each other, and learn about processes and daemon control using signals, pipes, and exit codes. This book will also enable you to understand how to use network communication using various protocols, including TCP and HTTP. As you advance, you'll focus on Go's best feature-concurrency helping you handle communication with channels and goroutines, other concurrency tools to synchronize shared resources, and the context package to write elegant applications. By the end of this book, you will have learned how to build concurrent system applications using Go What you will learnExplore concepts of system programming using Go and concurrencyGain insights into Golang's internals, memory models and allocationFamiliarize yourself with the filesystem and IO streams in generalHandle and control processes and daemons' lifetime via signals and pipesCommunicate with other applications effectively using a networkUse various encoding formats to serialize complex data structuresBecome well-versed in concurrency with channels, goroutines, and syncUse concurrency patterns to build robust and performant system applicationsWho this book is for If you are a developer who wants to learn system programming with Go, this book is for you. Although no knowledge of Unix and Linux system programming is necessary, intermediate knowledge of Go will help you understand the concepts covered in the book

The Go Programming Language is the authoritative resource for any programmer who wants to learn Go. It shows how to write clear and idiomatic Go to solve real-world problems. The book does not assume prior knowledge of Go nor experience with any specific language, so you’ll find it accessible whether you’re most comfortable with JavaScript, Ruby, Python, Java, or C++. The first chapter is a tutorial on the basic concepts of Go, introduced through programs for file I/O and text processing, simple graphics, and web clients and servers. Early chapters cover the structural elements of Go programs: syntax, control flow, data types, and the organization of a program into packages, files, and functions. The examples illustrate many packages from the standard library and show how to create new ones of your own. Later chapters explain the package mechanism in more detail, and how to build, test, and maintain projects using the go tool. The chapters on methods and interfaces introduce Go’s unconventional approach to object-oriented programming, in which methods can be declared on any type and interfaces are implicitly satisfied. They explain the key principles of encapsulation, composition, and substitutability using realistic examples. Two chapters on concurrency present in-depth approaches to this increasingly important topic. The first, which covers the basic mechanisms of goroutines and channels, illustrates the style known as communicating sequential processes for which Go is renowned. The second covers more traditional aspects of concurrency with shared variables. These chapters provide a solid foundation for programmers encountering concurrency for the first time. The final two chapters explore lower-level features of Go. One covers the art of metaprogramming using reflection. The other shows how to use the unsafe package to step outside the type system for special situations, and how to use the cgo tool to create Go bindings for C libraries. The book features hundreds of interesting and practical examples of well-written Go code that cover the whole language, its most important packages, and a wide range of applications. Each chapter has exercises to test your understanding and explore extensions and alternatives. Source code is freely available for download from http://gopl.io/ and may be conveniently fetched, built, and installed using the go get command.