Conditionals And Prediction

This book offers a new and in-depth analysis of English conditional sentences. In a wide-ranging discussion, Dancygier classifies conditional constructions according to time-reference and modality. She shows how the basic meaning parameters of conditionality correlate to formal parameters of the linguistic constructions which are used to express them. Dancygier suggests that the function of prediction is central to the definition of conditionality, and that conditional sentences display certain formal features which correlate to aspects of interpretation. Although the analysis is based primarily on English, it provides a theoretical framework that can be extended cross-linguistically to a broad range of grammatical phenomena. It will be essential reading for scholars and students concerned with the role of conditionals in English and many other languages.

The volume brings together a selection of papers from a symposium on Conditionality held in the University of Duisburg on 25-26 March 1994. Ten years after the Stanford symposium, the Proceedings of which were edited by Traugott et al. (1986), the area of conditionality is revisited in a synthesis of issues and aspects with insights drawn from the wider framework of general processes of conceptualisation. One major question is therefore what conceptual categories fall under conditionality or how far the notion of conditionality can be extended. The volume represents the up-to-date research on most aspects of conditionality some of which include the relationship between conditionality, hypotheticality and counterfactuality, polarity, historical perspectives, concessives, the acquisition of conditionals.

This book addresses remaining life prediction and predictive maintenance of equipment. It systematically summarizes the key research findings made by the author and his team and focuses on how to create equipment performance degradation and residual life prediction models based on the performance monitoring data produced by currently used and historical equipment. Some of the theoretical results covered here have been used to make remaining life predictions and maintenance-related decisions for aerospace products such as gyros and platforms. Given its scope, the book offers a valuable reference guide for those pursuing theoretical or applied research in the areas of fault diagnosis and fault-tolerant control, remaining life prediction, and maintenance decision-making.

This volume, the second in the Springer series Philosophy of Science in a European Perspective, contains selected papers from the workshops organised by the ESF Research Networking Programme PSE (The Philosophy of Science in a European Perspective) in 2009. Five general topics are addressed: 1. Formal Methods in the Philosophy of Science; 2. Philosophy of the Natural and Life Sciences; 3. Philosophy of the Cultural and Social Sciences; 4. Philosophy of the Physical Sciences; 5. History of the Philosophy of Science. This volume is accordingly divided in five sections, each section containing papers coming from the meetings focussing on one of these five themes. However, these sections are not completely independent and detached from each other. For example, an important connecting thread running through a substantial number of papers in this volume is the concept of probability: probability plays a central role in present-day discussions in formal epistemology, in the philosophy of the physical sciences, and in general methodological debates---it is central in discussions concerning explanation, prediction and confirmation. The volume thus also attempts to represent the intellectual exchange between the various fields in the philosophy of science that was central in the ESF workshops.

Presenting an analysis of different approaches for predicting the service life of buildings, this monograph discusses various statistical tools and mathematical models, some of which have rarely been applied to the field. It explores methods including deterministic, factorial, stochastic and computational models and applies these to façade claddings. The models allow (i) identification of patterns of degradation, (ii) estimation of service life, (iii) analysis of loss of performance using probability functions, and (iv) estimation of service life using a probability distribution. The final chapter discusses the differences between the different methodologies and their advantages and limitations. The authors also argue that a better understanding of the service life of buildings results in more efficient building maintenance and reduced environmental costs. It not only provides an invaluable resource to students, researchers and industry professionals interested in service life prediction and sustainable construction, but is also of interest to environmental and materials scientists.

In this project, we embarked on a journey of exploring time-series weather data and performing forecasting and prediction using Python. The objective was to gain insights into the dataset, visualize feature distributions, analyze year-wise and month-wise patterns, apply ARIMA regression to forecast temperature, and utilize machine learning models to predict weather conditions. Let's delve into each step of the process. To begin, we started by exploring the dataset, which contained historical weather data. We examined the structure and content of the dataset to understand its variables, such as temperature, humidity, wind speed, and weather conditions. Understanding the dataset is crucial for effective analysis and modeling. Next, we visualized the distributions of different features. By creating histograms, box plots, and density plots, we gained insights into the range, central tendency, and variability of the variables. These visualizations allowed us to identify any outliers, skewed distributions, or patterns within the data. Moving on, we explored the dataset's temporal aspects by analyzing year-wise and month-wise distributions. This involved aggregating the data based on years and months and visualizing the trends over time. By examining these patterns, we could observe any long-term or seasonal variations in the weather variables. After gaining a comprehensive understanding of the dataset, we proceeded to apply ARIMA regression for temperature forecasting. ARIMA (Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average) is a powerful technique for time-series analysis. By fitting an ARIMA model to the temperature data, we were able to make predictions and assess the model's accuracy in capturing the underlying patterns. In addition to temperature forecasting, we aimed to predict weather conditions using machine learning models. We employed various classification algorithms such as Logistic Regression, Decision Trees, Random Forests, Support Vector Machines (SVM), K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Adaboost, Gradient Boosting, Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), Light Gradient Boosting (LGBM), and Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP). These models were trained on the historical weather data, with weather conditions as the target variable. To evaluate the performance of the machine learning models, we utilized several metrics: accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score. Accuracy measures the overall correctness of the predictions, while precision quantifies the proportion of true positive predictions out of all positive predictions. Recall, also known as sensitivity, measures the ability to identify true positives, and F1 score combines precision and recall into a single metric. Throughout the process, we emphasized the importance of data preprocessing, including handling missing values, scaling features, and splitting the dataset into training and testing sets. Preprocessing ensures the data is in a suitable format for analysis and modeling, and it helps prevent biases or inconsistencies in the results. By following this step-by-step approach, we were able to gain insights into the dataset, visualize feature distributions, analyze temporal patterns, forecast temperature using ARIMA regression, and predict weather conditions using machine learning models. The evaluation metrics provided a comprehensive assessment of the models' performance in capturing the weather conditions accurately. In conclusion, this project demonstrated the power of Python in time-series weather forecasting and prediction. Through data exploration, visualization, regression analysis, and machine learning modeling, we obtained valuable insights and accurate predictions regarding temperature and weather conditions. This knowledge can be applied in various domains such as agriculture, transportation, and urban planning, enabling better decision-making based on weather forecasts.

There is ample evidence that language users, including second-language (L2) users, can predict upcoming information during listening and reading. Yet it is still unclear when, how, and why language users engage in prediction, and what the relation is between prediction and learning. This volume presents a collection of current research, insights, and directions regarding the role of prediction in L2 processing and learning. The contributions in this volume specifically address how different (L1-based) theoretical models of prediction apply to or may be expanded to account for L2 processing, report new insights on factors (linguistic, cognitive, social) that modulate L2 users’ engagement in prediction, and discuss the functions that prediction may or may not serve in L2 processing and learning. Taken together, this volume illustrates various fruitful approaches to investigating and accounting for differences in predictive processing within and across individuals, as well as across populations.

The ability to successfully predict industrial product performance during service life provides benefits for producers and users. This book addresses methods to improve product quality, reliability, and durability during the product life cycle, along with methods to avoid costs that can negatively impact profitability plans. The methods presented can be applied to reducing risk in the research and design processes and integration with manufacturing methods to successfully predict product performance. This approach incorporates components that are based on simulations in the laboratory. The results are combined with in-field testing to determine degradation parameters. These approaches result in improvements to product quality, performance, safety, profitability, and customer satisfaction. Among the methods of analyses included are: • Accelerated Reliability Testing (ART) • Accelerated Durability Testing (ADT) • system variability / input variability • engineering risk versus time and expense