Cost Analysis In Primary Health Care

This manual is designed to provide primary health care program managers with guidance on how to use cost analysis and cost-effectiveness analysis as tools to achieve better understanding and management of resource flows. Although it has been prepared primarily for program managers at national, regional, and district levels, other health professionals can learn from it through a short training course or by individual study. Part A introduces unit financial costs and provides a first look at the effectiveness of health services, in six modules: what costs are, using cost data, planning the study, calculating costs, measuring effectiveness, and calculating unit financial costs. Part B covers other kinds of costs and compares costs and effectiveness estimates. Topics of the three modules are as follows: measuring and using economic costs, household costs, and cost-effectiveness analysis. In part C, several important uses of cost and cost-effectiveness data for planning and management are discussed and illustrated. Future costs, financial analysis, and managerial efficiency are the topics of the three modules. A set of exercises to be used with the individual modules follow. Appendixes contain the following: annualization factors; 10 resources for further reading, including guidelines and methods and case studies; and an index. (YLB)

In this book the authors explore the state of the art on efficiency measurement in health systems and international experts offer insights into the pitfalls and potential associated with various measurement techniques. The authors show that: - The core idea of efficiency is easy to understand in principle - maximizing valued outputs relative to inputs, but is often difficult to make operational in real-life situations - There have been numerous advances in data collection and availability, as well as innovative methodological approaches that give valuable insights into how efficiently health care is delivered - Our simple analytical framework can facilitate the development and interpretation of efficiency indicators.

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This book provides the reader with a comprehensive set of instructions and examples of how to perform an economic evaluation of a health intervention, focusing solely on cost-effectiveness analysis in healthcare.

"The Guide, in Part I, begins with a brief description of generalized CEA and how it relates to the two questions raised above. It then considers issues relating to study design, estimating costs, assessing health effects, discounting, uncertainty and sensitivity analysis, and reporting results. Detailed discussions of selected technical issues and applications are provided in a series of background papers, originally published in journals, but included in this book for easy reference in Part II." (from the back cover).

Much evidence suggests that the US does not achieve good value for its health care spending. This book provides a unique perspective on this problem by considering the economic, social, political, and ethical factors that contribute to it, and by seeking to show how experience can guide better policy making in the future.