Country Of Origin Effects And Competitive Advantage

Seminar paper from the year 2011 in the subject Business economics - Business Management, Corporate Governance, grade: 1,3, University of Hohenheim (Lehrstuhl für Unternehmensführung), course: Seminar Marketing und Management-Insights, language: English, abstract: Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit werden Country-of-Origin und Country Image Effekte mit der Zielsetzung, Implikationen für internationale Marketingstrategien abzuleiten, untersucht. Hierfür werden zunächst Konzeptualisierung und Operationalsierung der betreffenden Konstrukte auf Basis einer fundierten Literaturanalyse die vorgenom-men. Im Weiteren wird der Einfluss des Country-of-Origin wie auch des Coun-try Image auf das Konsumentenverhalten untersucht. Dazu wird neben konventionellen Ansätzen wie Kategorisierung und Ethnozentrismus eine neue, ergänzende Sicht-weise beleuchtet. Insofern lässt sich abschließend die Relevanz des Länderimage für internationale Marketingstrategien aufzeigen, da es sich weiterhin um ein breit diskutiertes Konstrukt handelt, welches künftiger Forschungsaktivitäten bedarf. This paper analyses the concept of Country-of-Origin and Country Image with the purpose of highlighting implications for international marketing strategies. This is done by presenting an overview of the conceptual background of the two concepts, their influence on consumer behaviour as well as by discussing an integrative framework for their conceptualisation and operationalisation. After emphasising that these concepts indeed have an impact on product evaluations, their relevance for international marketing strategies is assessed. Conventional approaches such as categorisation and ethnocentrism that tend to bias Country-of-Origin effects will be complemented by a brand-new one. Thus, it is argued that Country Image is still a disputed issue and that there is need for further research on this construct.

Seminar paper from the year 2011 in the subject Business economics - Business Management, Corporate Governance, grade: 1,3, University of Hohenheim (Lehrstuhl für Unternehmensführung), course: Seminar Marketing und Management-Insights, language: English, abstract: Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit werden Country-of-Origin und Country Image Effekte mit der Zielsetzung, Implikationen für internationale Marketingstrategien abzuleiten, untersucht. Hierfür werden zunächst Konzeptualisierung und Operationalsierung der betreffenden Konstrukte auf Basis einer fundierten Literaturanalyse die vorgenom-men. Im Weiteren wird der Einfluss des Country-of-Origin wie auch des Coun-try Image auf das Konsumentenverhalten untersucht. Dazu wird neben konventionellen Ansätzen wie Kategorisierung und Ethnozentrismus eine neue, ergänzende Sicht-weise beleuchtet. Insofern lässt sich abschließend die Relevanz des Länderimage für internationale Marketingstrategien aufzeigen, da es sich weiterhin um ein breit diskutiertes Konstrukt handelt, welches künftiger Forschungsaktivitäten bedarf. This paper analyses the concept of Country-of-Origin and Country Image with the purpose of highlighting implications for international marketing strategies. This is done by presenting an overview of the conceptual background of the two concepts, their influence on consumer behaviour as well as by discussing an integrative framework for their conceptualisation and operationalisation. After emphasising that these concepts indeed have an impact on product evaluations, their relevance for international marketing strategies is assessed. Conventional approaches such as categorisation and ethnocentrism that tend to bias Country-of-Origin effects will be complemented by a brand-new one. Thus, it is argued that Country Image is still a disputed issue and that there is need for further research on this construct.

This book features in-depth analyses of interactions between brand, country and product images; real-life examples of country branding; and guidelines for managerial action, making it a usful resource for students of International Marketing, International Business and Consumer Behaviour as well as for international marketing managers, industry leaders and government officials. Subjects covered include: Consumers' perception of countries as sources for brands and products; how to utilize country try image by the firm; how to manage national promotion campaigns of country image; country of origin labeling requirements; the use of the made-in label as a trade barrier; and the future role of brand and country images in the age of eCommerce. Eugene D. Jaffe is Professor and Israel D. Nebenzahl is Associate Professor, both at the Graduate School of Business Administration, Bar-Ilan University, Israel.

"Following the success of its predecessor, the second edition updates and broadens the scope from ""country image"" to ""place branding."" Many new studies have emerged since the first edition was published, and they are integrated in the new edition. The second edition is still aimed at three audiences: students of international marketing and business courses as a supplement to global product and advertising strategy; to international marketing managers; and to those industry and government officials who must deal with the problems of creating and maintaining a country's national image. "

This book evaluates Country of Origin (COO) research from new critical perspectives, providing insights on how COO shapes both consumer behaviour and business trends, and how marketers can overcome or take advantage of COO in their strategies. The contributors explore a variety of strategies for utilising Country of Origin, including how country image can influence market entry positioning strategies, and how brand heritage can be utilised as a communication tool. There is also a study of what percentage of online products require COO identification, and whether this percentage correlates to customer satisfaction. Several contributors look at consumers’ preference for food in relation to COO and authenticity, and further chapters explore the impact of consumer identification with a nation on how they evaluate brands. As Country of Origin is increasingly evaluated by consumers and used by marketers to safeguard locally-owned products, this book will be of interest to those studying the relationship between country-authentic brands and their promotion in the global marketplace. This book was originally published as a special issue of the Journal of Promotion Management.

Consumers in most parts of the world now have global access to products beyond those offered in their countries and cultures. This new space for comparison defined by globalization can result in very different purchasing behaviors, including those influenced by the 'country of origin'. This book investigates this effect, one of the most controversial fields of consumer literature, from a company perspective. In particular, it demonstrates the strategic relevance of the country of origin in creating and making use of the value in foreign markets. It also addresses the challenges connected with utilizing the value of the country of origin by considering different entry modes and international marketing channels. Further, it considers the role of international importers and international retailers’ assortment strategies in terms of value creation in foreign markets. Combining theory and practice, the book features diverse company perspectives and interviews with importers and retailers.

'The approach of the chapters that comprise this volume is academically rigorous and at the same time managerially relevant, which is why I believe the book helps to push the made-in research agenda forward at the same time as it provides practitioners with new ideas they can apply to their brands.' – Nicolas Papadopoulos, Carleton University, Canada The country of origin of goods and services can have positive or negative effect on customers' intentions to purchase. This book analyzes the impact of this effect on the international development of Italian companies in emerging markets. The chapters refer to a wide range of issues, including made-in effects in relation to ethnocentrism and to corporate social responsibility in small and medium-sized enterprises; the interactions and synergistic effects between product-related made-in images and the images of places as tourism destinations; distribution channel issues; 'made-in topics' in relation to emerging markets; and a review of the relevant literature on country of origin effects. The contributors propose strategies and tools that companies might leverage to develop their international marketing and suggest policies that might strengthen these efforts. This original work will prove to be a valuable resource for students and researchers of international marketing and strategy as well as policy makers.

Various phenomena in the global economy, such as intensifying firm internationalization and international sourcing resulting in a growing number of hybrid products, raise the question of whether the country-of-origin (COO) and the country-of-origin effect (COE) still matter in contemporary international business. This book points out various aspects of COO, its dimensions and COE that remain significant challenges for consumers, companies and brands not only from emerging and developing countries but also from developed ones. This edited book offers a multifaceted approach to COO and COE. It explores COO communication/neutralization, economic and legal issues, as well as semiotic and anthropological aspects of COO communication in advertising. The book also discusses the impact of COO on consumer behaviour, including in the luxury goods market, and the role of consumer ethnocentrism. It takes a novel, interdisciplinary approach to the field, covering various aspects of the COO, its implications for international business, further theoretical developments within this phenomenon and empirical evidence delivered by scholars representing different fields of science. This book is addressed predominantly to the academic community – academics, scholars and upper-level students – in international marketing, international business and consumer behaviour.