Covid 19 Epidemiology And Virus Dynamics

This book addresses the COVID-19 pandemic from a quantitative perspective based on mathematical models and methods largely used in nonlinear physics. It aims to study COVID-19 epidemics in countries and SARS-CoV-2 infections in individuals from the nonlinear physics perspective and to model explicitly COVID-19 data observed in countries and virus load data observed in COVID-19 patients. The first part of this book provides a short technical introduction into amplitude spaces given by eigenvalues, eigenvectors, and amplitudes.In the second part of the book, mathematical models of epidemiology are introduced such as the SIR and SEIR models and applied to describe COVID-19 epidemics in various countries around the world. In the third part of the book, virus dynamics models are considered and applied to infections in COVID-19 patients. This book is written for researchers, modellers, and graduate students in physics and medicine, epidemiology and virology, biology, applied mathematics, and computer sciences. This book identifies the relevant mechanisms behind past COVID-19 outbreaks and in doing so can help efforts to stop future COVID-19 outbreaks and other epidemic outbreaks. Likewise, this book points out the physics underlying SARS-CoV-2 infections in patients and in doing so supports a physics perspective to address human immune reactions to SARS-CoV-2 infections and similar virus infections.

The recent Covid-19 pandemic threw the world into complete chaos with its rapid and devastating spread. Scientists are still trying to obtain a better understanding of the patterns of COVID-19 and trying to get a deeper understanding of mutant strains and their pathogenicity by performing genomic sequences of more samples. Fractal-based analysis provides its unique forecasting policy to reduce the spread of COVID-19, and in general, of any outbreaks. The book presents fractal and multifractal models of COVID-19 and reviews the impact of the pandemic including epidemiology, genome organization, transmission cycle, and control strategies based on mathematical models towards developing an immune intervention. Also, it covers non-clinical aspects such as economic development with graphical illustrations, meeting the needs of onlookers outside the sector who desire additional information on the epidemic. The fractal signatures describe the fractal textures in the patterns of Corona virus. Studies on the epidemiology of Covid-19 in relation with the fractals and fractal functions serve to exhibit its irregular chaotic nature. Moreover, the book with its wide coverage on the Hurst exponent analysis and the fractal dimension estimation, greatly aids in measuring the epidemiology.

This contributed volume investigates several mathematical techniques for the modeling and simulation of viral pandemics, with a special focus on COVID-19. Modeling a pandemic requires an interdisciplinary approach with other fields such as epidemiology, virology, immunology, and biology in general. Spatial dynamics and interactions are also important features to be considered, and a multiscale framework is needed at the level of individuals and the level of virus particles and the immune system. Chapters in this volume address these items, as well as offer perspectives for the future.

Mathematical Analysis of Infectious Diseases updates on the mathematical and epidemiological analysis of infectious diseases. Epidemic mathematical modeling and analysis is important, not only to understand disease progression, but also to provide predictions about the evolution of disease. One of the main focuses of the book is the transmission dynamics of the infectious diseases like COVID-19 and the intervention strategies. It also discusses optimal control strategies like vaccination and plasma transfusion and their potential effectiveness on infections using compartmental and mathematical models in epidemiology like SI, SIR, SICA, and SEIR. The book also covers topics like: biodynamic hypothesis and its application for the mathematical modeling of biological growth and the analysis of infectious diseases, mathematical modeling and analysis of diagnosis rate effects and prediction of viruses, data-driven graphical analysis of epidemic trends, dynamic simulation and scenario analysis of the spread of diseases, and the systematic review of the mathematical modeling of infectious disease like coronaviruses. Offers analytical and numerical techniques for virus models Discusses mathematical modeling and its applications in treating infectious diseases or analyzing their spreading rates Covers the application of differential equations for analyzing disease problems Examines probability distribution and bio-mathematical applications

Almost nine months since the first recorded case, the novel betacoronovirus; severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has now passed 18 million confirmed cases. The multi-disciplinary work of researchers worldwide has provided a far deeper understanding of COVID-19 pathogenesis, clinical treatment and outcomes, lethality, disease-spread dynamics, period of infectivity, containment interventions, as well as providing a wealth of relevant epidemiological data. With 27 vaccines currently undergoing human trials, and countries worldwide continuing to battle case numbers, or prepare for resurgences, the need for efficient, high-quality pipelines for peer-reviewed research remains as crucial as ever.

Almost nine months since the first recorded case, the novel betacoronovirus; severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has now passed 18 million confirmed cases. The multi-disciplinary work of researchers worldwide has provided a far deeper understanding of COVID-19 pathogenesis, clinical treatment and outcomes, lethality, disease-spread dynamics, period of infectivity, containment interventions, as well as providing a wealth of relevant epidemiological data. With 27 vaccines currently undergoing human trials, and countries worldwide continuing to battle case numbers, or prepare for resurgences, the need for efficient, high-quality pipelines for peer-reviewed research remains as crucial as ever.

This short book brings together novel cross-interdisciplinary investigation from both natural and social science, representing a true hybrid across disciplines examining the ‘politics’ and ‘science’ of COVID-19. Viruses, Vaccines, and Antivirals: Why Politics Matters considers the dynamics surrounding viruses, proposed vaccines, and antiviral therapies, contextualizing what governments have done during the COVID-19 crisis. The four basic phases of a pandemic are considered with a strong focus on COVID-19, namely the anticipating and early virus detection, containment strategies, policies to control and mitigate the spread of the virus and policies aimed at opening up society. Viruses, Vaccines, and Antivirals: Why Politics Matters examines policy developments throughout these phases in key nations worldwide and puts forward a blueprint for countries developing public policies to deal with a pandemic.

The riveting account of how asymptomatic transmission drove COVID-19's global spread and catalyzed interventions to control it. Why was COVID-19 so difficult to contain and so devastating to people and economies worldwide? In Asymptomatic, author Joshua S. Weitz explains how silent transmission enabled COVID-19's massive and tragic global impact. Weaving the science of viral infections together with an insider's look at response efforts, Weitz guides readers through the shockwaves of successive epidemic waves as public health officials and academic research teams confronted the rise and risk of what was then a burgeoning global pandemic. The discovery of asymptomatic spread also fueled competing narratives: either COVID-19 was about to dissipate as quickly as it had emerged or completely disrupt life as we knew it. Weitz, a physicist-turned-biologist who directs a quantitative viral dynamics research group and has been immersed in COVID-19 response efforts, explains both why and how scientists tried to wade through competing narratives and warn the public of COVID-19's profound risk. As explored through a careful analysis of local outbreaks, accessible descriptions of virus dynamics, and the use of predictive models to guide response efforts, Asymptomatic provides readers a unique look into the secret ingredient that allowed COVID-19 to spread across borders and the high-impact interventions needed to fight it and future pandemics.