Design And Construction Guidance For Community Shelters

Provides instructions for building effective shelters that can save lives when severe weather threatens people who are away from their homes. The Project Team comprised engineers from FEMA's Mitigation Directorate, consulting design engineering firms, and university research institutions. Chapters: post-disaster assessments, research, and design development; protection objectives; characteristics of tornadoes and hurricanes; shelter types, location, and siting concepts; performance criteria for debris impact; human factors criteria; emergency management considerations; and design commentary. Charts, tables, and formulas.

NOTE: NO FURTHER DISCOUNT FOR THIS PRINT PRODUCT -- OVERSTOCK SALE -- Significantly reduced list price while supplies last This manual is intended to provide guidance for engineers, architects, building officials, building and home inspectors, and property owners to design shelters and safe rooms n buildings. It presents informaton about the design and construction of shelters in the work place, home, or community building that will provide protection in response to manmade hazards. Included is information to: assist in planning and design of shelters that may be constructed outside or within dwellings or public buildings. designed to protect individuals from assaults and attempted kidnapping, which requires design featurs to resist forced entry and ballistic impact Protective options, from low-cost expedient protection, such as sheltering-in-place to safe rooms ventilated and pressurized with purified air by ultra-high- efficiency filters. and more. Related products: Taking Shelter From the Storm: Building a Safe Room for Your Home or Small Business; Includes Construction Plans (CD) can be found here: https: //bookstore.gpo.gov/products/sku/064-000-00069-1?ctid=138 A Study of Active Shooter Incidents in the United States Between 2000 and 2013 can be found here: https: //bookstore.gpo.gov/products/sku/027-001-00101-3 Incremental Protection for Existing Commercial Buildings From Terrorist Attack: Providing Protection to People and Buildings can be found here: https: //bookstore.gpo.gov/products/sku/064-000-00043-8 Reference Manual to Mitigate Potential Terrorist Attacks Against Buildings: Providing Protection to People and Buildings is available here: https: //bookstore.gpo.gov/products/sku/064-000-00038-1 World Trade Center Building Performance Study: Data Collection, Preliminary Observations, and Recommendations is available here: https: //bookstore.gpo.gov/products/sku/064-000-00029-2 Other products produced by U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) can be found here: https: //bookstore.gpo.gov/agency/528

This manual is intended to provide guidance for engineers, architects, building officials, and property owners to design shelters and safe rooms in buildings. It presents information about the design and construction of shelters in the work place, home, or community building that will provide protection in response to manmade hazards. The information contained herein will assist in the planning and design of shelters that may be constructed outside or within dwellings or public buildings. These safe rooms will protect occupants from a variety of hazards, including debris impact, accidental or intentional explosive detonation, and the accidental or intentional release of a toxic substance into the air. Safe rooms may also be designed to protect individuals from assaults and attempted kidnapping, which requires design features to resist forced entry and ballistic impact. This covers a range of protective options, from low-cost expedient protection (what is commonly referred to as sheltering-in-place) to safe rooms ventilated and pressurized with air purified by ultra-high-efficiency filters. These safe rooms protect against toxic gases, vapors, and aerosols. The contents of this manual supplement the information provided in FEMA 361, Design and Construction Guidance for Community Shelters and FEMA 320, Taking Shelter From the Storm: Building a Safe Room Inside Your House. In conjunction with FEMA 361 and FEMA 320, this publication can be used for the protection of shelters against natural disasters. This guidance focuses on safe rooms as standby systems, ones that do not provide protection on a continuous basis. To employ a standby system requires warning based on knowledge that a hazardous condition exists or is imminent. Protection is initiated as a result of warnings from civil authorities about a release of hazardous materials, visible or audible indications of a release (e.g., explosion or fire), the odor of a chemical agent, or observed symptoms of exposure in people. Although there are automatic detectors for chemical agents, such detectors are expensive and limited in the number of agents that can be reliably detected. Furthermore, at this point in time, these detectors take too long to identify the agent to be useful in making decisions in response to an attack. Similarly, an explosive vehicle or suicide bomber attack rarely provides advance warning; therefore, the shelter is most likely to be used after the fact to protect occupants until it is safe to evacuate the building. Two different types of shelters may be considered for emergency use, standalone shelters and internal shelters. A standalone shelter is a separate building (i.e., not within or attached to any other building) that is designed and constructed to withstand the range of natural and manmade hazards. An internal shelter is a specially designed and constructed room or area within or attached to a larger building that is structurally independent of the larger building and is able to withstand the range of natural and manmade hazards. Both standalone and internal shelters are intended to provide emergency refuge for occupants of commercial office buildings, school buildings, hospitals, apartment buildings, and private homes from the hazards resulting from a wide variety of extreme events. The shelters may be used during natural disasters following the warning that an explosive device may be activated, the discovery of an explosive device, or until safe evacuation is established following the detonation of an explosive device or the release of a toxic substance via an intentional aerosol attack or an industrial accident. Standalone community shelters may be constructed in neighborhoods where existing homes lack shelters. Community shelters may be intended for use by the occupants of buildings they are constructed within or near, or they may be intended for use by the residents of surrounding or nearby neighborhoods or designated areas.

This manual is intended to provide guidance for the protection of school buildings and their occupants from natural disasters, and the economic losses and social disruption caused by building damage and destruction. This volume concentrates on grade schools, K-12. This publication covers earthquakes, floods, and high winds. Its intended audience is design professionals and school officials involved in the technical and financial decisions of school construction, repair, and renovations. This publication stresses that identification of hazards and their frequency and careful consideration of design against hazards must be integrated with all other design issues, and be present from the inception of the site selection and building design process. Chapters 1-3 present issues and background information that are common to all hazards. Chapters 4-6 cover the development of specific risk management measures for each of the three main natural hazards. Chapter 1 opens with a brief outline of the past, present, and future of school design. Chapter 2 introduces the concepts of performance-based design in order to obtain required performance from a new or retrofitted facility. Chapter 3 introduces the concept of multihazard design and presents a general description and comparison of the hazards, including charts that show where design against each hazard interacts with design for other hazards. Chapters 4, 5, and 6 outline the steps necessary in the creation of design to address risk management concerns for protection against earthquakes, floods, and high winds, respectively. A guide to the determination of acceptable risk and realistic performance objectives is followed by a discussion to establish the effectiveness of current codes to achieve acceptable performance. A list of acronyms used in the manual are appended. (Contains 13 tables and 124 figures.).