Developments In Rubber Technology 4

This volume, the fourth in a series which began in 1979, covers a greater variety of subjects than any previous single volume. The basis of selection has been topical interest; hence the tailor-making of polymers to develop specific properties, methods of improving com pound processability and the use of rubbers in the oil industry are featured alongside a discussion of safety aspects. We have again sought the cooperation of the foremost authorities on the chosen subjects and have been delighted at the response which has yielded a list of authors of international repute. A. w. K. S. L. CONTENTS Preface v List of Contributors ix 1. Recent Developments in Synthetic Rubbers by Anionic Polymerization 1 I. G. HARGIS, R. A. LIVIGNI and S. L. AGGARWAL 2. Advances in Nitrile Rubber (NBR) 57 P. W. MILNER 3. Epoxidized Natural Rubber. 87 C. S. L. BAKER and I. R. GELLING 4. Process Aids and Plasticizers . 119 B. G. CROWTHER 5. A Review of Elastomers Used for Oilfield Sealing Environments . 159 W. N. K. REVOLTA and G. C. SWEET 6. Using Modern Mill Room Equipment . 193 H. ELLWOOD 7. Quality Requirements and Rubber Mixing . 221 P. S. JOHNSON 8. Health and Safety . . 253 B. G. WILLOUGHBY Index . 307 vii LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS s. L. AGGARWAL Gen Corp , Research Division, 2990 Gilchrist Road, Akron, Ohio 44305, USA C. S. L. BAKER Malaysian Rubber Producers' Research Association, Tun Abdul Razak Laboratory, Brickendonbury, Hertford SG13 8NL, UK B. G.

This book is intended for those people who have a knowledge or understanding of rubber materials and processes but who wish to update their knowledge. It should be read in conjunction with Developments in Rubber Technology-l as that volume discussed developments in natural rubber and selected special purpose synthetic rubbers as well as additives. The authors have been selected for their expertise in each particular field and we, as editors, would like to express our appreciation to the individual authors and also to their companies. Such a book would be impossible to produce without such active cooperation as we have received. Volumes 1 and 2 of Developments in Rubber Technology cover rubbers which are processed and vulcanised in the traditional manner. It is appreciated that the omission of non-vulcanised rubber materials (the so called thermoplastic elastomers) will be unwelcome to many readers but it is intended, because of the size of the subject, to cover these materials in a subsequent volume. A.W. K.S.L.

The 3rd edition of The Science and Technology of Rubber provides a broad survey of elastomers with special emphasis on materials with a rubber-like elasticity. As in the 2nd edition, the emphasis remains on a unified treatment of the material; exploring topics from the chemical aspects such as elastomer synthesis and curing, through recent theoretical developments and characterization of equilibrium and dynamic properties, to the final applications of rubber, including tire engineering and manufacturing. Many advances have been made in polymer and elastomers research over the past ten years since the 2nd edition was published. Updated material stresses the continuous relationship between the ongoing research in synthesis, physics, structure and mechanics of rubber technology and industrial applications. Special attention is paid to recent advances in rubber-like elasticity theory and new processing techniques for elastomers. This new edition is comprised of 20% new material, including a new chapter on environmental issues and tire recycling. · Explores new applications of rubber within the tire industry, from new filler materials to “green tires (a tire that has yet to undergo curing and vulcanization). · 30% of the material has been revised from the previous edition with the addition of 20% new material, including a chapter on the environment. · A mixture of theory, experiments, and practical procedures will offer value to students, practitioners, and research & development departments in industry.

Natural and synthetic rubbers play an important role in many aspects of modern life, and have been essential to developments in the automotive, aerospace, building and communication industries amongst many others. There is therefore an enormous range of knowledge that the engineering, designer or technologist working in these fields must have access to, from raw material properties to the behaviour of reinforced and composite materials. This book provides this information. The text opens with an historical account, followed by an outline of the whole of rubber technology which serves as a guide to the subsequent chapters. Initial chapters cover the physics of rubbers, the source and properties of raw materials, the vulcanisation process, and the reinforcement phenomena. They provide the background for the practical description of manufacturing processes and compounding principles to which the subsequent chapters are devoted. Testing methods and standards are then concisely summarised, and reviews of professional, trade and research organisations are included. Finally, there are abundant references to the literature and patent specifications and a full bibliography. Professor Hepburn acts as Editor once again for the third edition of this well-established book. The text has been substantially revised and updated with the inclusion of new data and illustrations in respect not only of the commercial information regarding materials and equipment but also of the important scientific and technological developments that have taken place since the last edition. Second Edition ISBN: 0 408 00587 4

Rapra Technology is the leading independent international organisation with over 80 years of experience providing technology, information and consultancy on all aspects of rubbers and plastics. The company has extensive processing, analytical and testing laboratory facilities and expertise, and produces a range of engineering and data management software products, and computerised knowledge-based systems. Rapra also publishes books, technical journals, reports, technological and business surveys, conference proceedings and trade directories. These publishing activities are supported by an Information Centre which maintains and develops the world's most comprehensive database of commercial and technical information on rubbers and plastics. Book jacket.

Polymer coated textiles are known as engineered composite materials at macro scale. Coating can offer significant improvements to the substrate, mainly of the physical (like impermeability and fabric abrasion) and/or of overall chemical properties; as well as the appearance, by combining advantages of the components.Polymer coated systems employ various kinds of textile substrate structures available, mostly of technical textiles. Since there are a number of possibilities for different types of polymers and their combinations, textile structures as well as their combinations are possible; it is widely open to creativities and almost every day some new innovative application is being introduced. Polymer coated textile industry, being parallel to the developments in the textile research, is so dynamic that, today, applications like reactive coatings with nanoparticles (with self cleaning, self sterilizing surfaces), systems with conductive polymer coatings to provide EM shielding, electronic textile systems -with body monitoring properties-, environmental responsive systems etc. are already somewhat classical and are considered almost left in the shade of incoming new developments. This book is an up-to-date summary of the subject by considering the passage from conventional to emerging technologies. Criteria for selection of the coat and textile are considered and the manufacturing basics of the system are summarized. Emerging technologies and applications (including smart, intelligent and nanostructured applications) are completed by testing and quality control methods of these systems.The book is written for all that are interested in this interdisciplinary area, it certainly will prove to be of great help to textile and polymer technologists, to engineers, to scientists, as well as to students.