Diagnostic Manual For The Identification Of Insect Pathogens

This manual was prepared for the diagnosis of insect diseases caused by infectious agents. The agents (or pathogens) included here are fungi, protozoans, bacteria, viruses, and rickettsias. The present work was prepared after much deliberation and discussion with students and teachers who felt a guide of this type would be valuable for diagnosing the microbial diseases of insects. It was modeled after a seminar given on the same subject at Berke ley, which had as its major goal the recognition and identification of insect pathogens for practical purposes. The present work in cludes numerous timesaving "short cuts" which were developed after years of experience of diagnosing insect diseases. Although emphasis is placed on identification, general back ground information on the various pathogens is also included. Thus, under each of the five groups of pathogens, the following topics are discussed: (1) various types of associations with insects, (2) defini tion and classification, (3) general life cycle, (4) characteristics of diseased insects, (5) factors affecting natural infections, (6) methods of examination, (7) isolation and cultivation, (8) important taxonomic characters, (9) tests for infectivity, (10) storage, (11) an illustrated key to the genera (or group in the case of viruses), and (12) literature, especially that pertaining to identification. Although often included with insect pathogens, entomogenous nematodes are not covered here since illustrated keys to those gen era that infect insects are already available (Poinar, 1975, 1977).

After the publication of the Diagnostic Manual for the Identification of Insect Pathogens, the authors received many queries asking why they had not included the larger metazoan parasites as well as the microbial forms. An examination of the literature indicated that pictorial guides to the identification of nematodes and the immature stages of insect parasites were unavailable. Consequently we decided to rewrite the sections cover ing insect pathogens and combine these with new sections on ento mogenous nematodes and the immature stages of insect parasites. The result is the present laboratory guide, which is unique in covering all types of biotic agents which are found inside insects and cause them injury or disease. Included as parasites are insects and nematodes. Among the pathogens included are viruses, rickettsias, bacteria, fungi, and protozoans. Emphasis is placed on identification with an attempt to use the most easily recognizable characters. Use of a certain number of technical terms is unavoidable, and explanations of these can be found in most biological dictionaries or the glossary of invertebrate pathology prepared by Steinhaus and Martignoni (1970).

This handbook gives a comprehensive and copious illustrated description, with original art work, of the most common diseases in laboratory reared insect colonies, comprising Viruses (Baculoviridae, Reoviridae, Poxviridae, Iridoviridae); Bacteria (Bacillaceae, Pseudomonadaceae, Enterobacteriaceae); Rickettsia; Fungi and Microsporidia and Protozoa. Gregarine and Coccidian parasitoids are also depicted. Manuals for the diagnostic of insect diseases have been published in the 90’s, however, these were intended for professional insect pathologists or for proficient training in invertebrate pathology, hence requiring some scientific background in insect pathology. Currently, most guides are web based, not comprehensive and solely addressing the most common diseases in a particular insect, or group of insects, reared in laboratory facilities. A comprehensive and proficient practical handbook for students and technicians working with insect reared colonies is lacking in the current literature.

1. Initial Handling and Diagnosis of Diseased Invertebrates / Lawrence A. Lacey and Leellen Solter -- 2. Basic Techniques in Insect Virology / Karolin E. Eberle, Jorg T. Wennmann, Regina G. Kleespies and Johannes A. Jehle -- 3. Isolation, Culture, Preservation, and Identification of Entomopathogenic Bacteria of the Bacilli. / Tanja W. Fisher and Steven F. Garczynski -- 4. Bioassay of Bacterial Entomopathogens Against Insect Larvae / Maureen O'Callaghan, Travis R. Glare and Lawrence A. Lacey --5. Bacteria for use Against Soil-Inhabitating Insects / Albrecht M. Koppenhofer, Trevor A. Jackson, and Michael G. Klein -- 6. Identification of Entomopathogenic Fungi / Richard A. Humber -- 7. Laboratory Techniques Used for Entomopathogenic Fungi: Hypocreales / G. Douglas Inglis, Juerg Enkerli, and Mark S. Goettel -- 8. Mass Production of Entomopathogenic Hypocreales / Stefan T. Jaronski and Mark A. Jackson -- 9. Methods for the Study of Entomophthorales / Ann E. Hajek, Bernard Papierok, and Jurg ...

This book attempts to bring together a broad array of molecular techniques and approaches currently used in insect pathology. It is divided into four parts: (i) identification and diagnostics; (ii) evolutionary relationships and genetics; (iii) host-pathogen interactions; and (iv) genomics and genetic engineering. Sixteen chapters have been written by leading researchers in the field which provide comprehensive and up-to-date information on each part.

Biological Techniques is a series of volumes aimed at introducing to a wide audience the latest advances in methodology. The pitfalls and problems of new techniques are given due consideration, as are those small but vital details not always explicit in the methods sections of journal papers. In recent years, most biological laboratories have been invaded by computers and a wealth of new DNA technology and this will be reflected in many of the titles appearing in the series. The books will be of value to advances researches and graduate students seeking to learn and apply new techniques, and will be useful to teachers of advanced undergraduate courses involving practical or project work. This manual describes the broad array of techniques that are used in insect pathology. It will provide biologists, insect pathologists, entomologists, and those interested in biological control, with the necessary information to work on a variety of pathogen groups. This book will be an essential laboratory reference for insect pathologists. Features include: * Step by-step instructions on how to isolate, identify, culture, bioassay and store the major groups of entomopathogens * Details of the practical knowledge needed by beginners to apply the techniques * Chapters written by an international group of experts * Discussion of safety testing of entomopathogens in mammals and also broader methods such as microscopy and molecular techniques * Provides extensive supplemental literature and recipes for media, fixatives and stains

This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press’s mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1981.