Dynamics And Thermodynamics Of Systems With Long Range Interactions

Properties of systems with long range interactions are still poorly understood despite being of importance in most areas of physics. The present volume introduces and reviews the effort of constructing a coherent thermodynamic treatment of such systems by combining tools from statistical mechanics with concepts and methods from dynamical systems. Analogies and differences between various systems are examined by considering a large range of applications, with emphasis on Bose--Einstein condensates. Written as a set of tutorial reviews, the book will be useful for both the experienced researcher as well as the nonexpert scientist or postgraduate student.

The workshop was about the developments of the thermodynamical and dynamical behavior of many-body systems in which the interactions decay very slowly with the distance: they present very strange properties, not found in the other systems. The possibility of testing the theoretical ideas in laboratory systems was the most innovative issue.

This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics of Small Systems" that was published in Entropy

Recent experimental evidence about the possibility of "absolute negative temperature" states in physical systems has triggered a stimulating debate about the consistency of such a concept from the point of view of Statistical Mechanics. It is not clear whether the usual results of this field can be safely extended to negative-temperature states; some authors even propose fundamental modifications to the Statistical Mechanics formalism, starting with the very definition of entropy, in order to avoid the occurrence of negative values of the temperature tout-court. The research presented in this thesis aims to shed some light on this controversial topic. To this end, a particular class of Hamiltonian systems with bounded kinetic terms, which can assume negative temperature, is extensively studied, both analytically and numerically. Equilibrium and out-of-equilibrium properties of this kind of system are investigated, reinforcing the overall picture that the introduction of negative temperature does not lead to any contradiction or paradox.

In honor of one of the most prolific and exciting scientists of the second half of the last century, a memorial meeting was organized by the Institute of Advanced Studies at Nanyang Technological University for Professor Abdus Salam's 90th Birthday in January 2016. Salam believed that "scientific thought is the common heritage of all mankind" and that the developing world should play its part, not merely by importing technology but by being the arbiter of its own scientific destiny. That belief saw him rise from humble beginnings in a village in Pakistan to become one of the world's most original and influential particle physicists, culminating in the 1979 Nobel Prize (shared with Glashow and Weinberg) for contributions to electroweak unification, which forms an integral part of the Standard Model. The book collected the papers presented at this memorable event which saw many distinguished scientists participating as speakers to reflect on Prof Salam's great passion for the science and achievements.

The stars as well as the Earth and its defects, materials, and gases have magnetic fields. To measure these fields, magnetometers are used. This book includes contributions from a variety of experts that examine the typical properties, uses, novel developments, and calibration of sensing magnetic devices. Chapters cover topics related to recent advances in the modeling and application of magnetometers.

This multi-volume handbook is the most up-to-date and comprehensive reference work in the field of fractional calculus and its numerous applications. This fourth volume collects authoritative chapters covering several applications of fractional calculus in physics, including classical and continuum mechanics.

This book presents an introduction to the main concepts of statistical physics, followed by applications to specific problems and more advanced concepts, selected for their pedagogical or practical interest. Particular attention has been devoted to the presentation of the fundamental aspects, including the foundations of statistical physics, as well as to the discussion of important physical examples. Comparison of theoretical results with the relevant experimental data (with illustrative curves) is present through the entire textbook. This aspect is facilitated by the broad range of phenomena pertaining to statistical physics, providing example issues from domains as varied as the physics of classical and quantum liquids, condensed matter, liquid crystals, magnetic systems, astrophysics, atomic and molecular physics, superconductivity and many more. This textbook is intended for graduate students (MSc and PhD) and for those teaching introductory or advanced courses on statistical physics. Key Features: A rigorous and educational approach of statistical physics illustrated with concrete examples. A clear presentation of fundamental aspects of statistical physics. Many exercises with detailed solutions. Nicolas Sator is Associate Professor at Sorbonne University, Paris, France. He is a member of the Laboratory of Theoretical Physics of Condensed Matter (LPTMC) and his research focuses on the physics of liquids. Nicolas Pavloff is Professor at Paris-Saclay University, France. He is a member of Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Modèles Statistiques (LPTMS) and his domain of research is quantum fluid theory. Lénaïc Couëdel is Professor at the University of Sasktchewan, Saskatoon, Canada and researcher at CNRS, France. His research area is plasma physics with a focus on complex plasma crystals.