Dynamics Of Pond Aquaculture

The culmination of over a decade's worth of research by the Pond Dynamics/Aquaculture Collaborative Research Support Program (CRSP), Dynamics of Pond Aquaculture not only explains the physical, chemical, and biological processes that interact in pond culture systems, but also presents real-world research findings and considers the people who depend on these systems. This book uses data from CRSP field research sites in East Africa, Southeast Asia, Central America, and North America to present a complete picture of the pond system and the environment in which it exists. A thorough study of the principles and practices of aquaculture, the book reflects the state of the art in pond aquaculture and incorporates recent advances that have changed the science in the last decade or so. It provides a thorough review of the many methods, techniques, and ideas that comprise this complex and fascinating area of study.

"The culmination of over a decade's worth of research by the Pond Dynamics/Aquaculture Collaborative Research Support Program (CRSP), Dynamics of Pond Aquaculture not only explains the physical, chemical, and biological processes that interact in pond culture systems, but also presents real-world research findings and considers the people who depend on these systems. This book uses data from CRSP field research sites in East Africa, Southeast Asia, Central America, and North America to present a complete picture of the pond system and the environment in which it exists. A thorough study of the principles and practices of aquaculture, the book reflects the state of the art in pond aquaculture and incorporates recent advances that have changed the science in the last decade or so. It provides a thorough review of the many methods, techniques, and ideas that comprise this complex and fascinating area of study."--Provided by publisher.

The culmination of over a decade's worth of research by the Pond Dynamics/Aquaculture Collaborative Research Support Program (CRSP), Dynamics of Pond Aquaculture not only explains the physical, chemical, and biological processes that interact in pond culture systems, but also presents real-world research findings and considers the people who depend on these systems. This book uses data from CRSP field research sites in East Africa, Southeast Asia, Central America, and North America to present a complete picture of the pond system and the environment in which it exists. A thorough study of the principles and practices of aquaculture, the book reflects the state of the art in pond aquaculture and incorporates recent advances that have changed the science in the last decade or so. It provides a thorough review of the many methods, techniques, and ideas that comprise this complex and fascinating area of study.

The efficient and profitable production of fish, crustaceans, and other aquatic organisms in aquaculture depends on a suitable environment in which they can reproduce and grow. Because those organisms live in water, the major environ mental concern within the culture system is water quality. Water supplies for aquaculture systems may naturally be oflow quality or polluted by human activity, but in most instances, the primary reason for water quality impairment is the culture activity itself. Manures, fertilizers, and feeds applied to ponds to enhance production only can be partially converted to animal biomass. Thus, at moderate and high production levels, the inputs of nutrients and organic matter to culture units may exceed the assimilative capacity of the ecosystems. The result is deteriorating water quality which stresses the culture species, and stress leads to poor growth, greater incidence of disease, increased mortality, and low produc tion. Effluents from aquaculture systems can cause pollution of receiving waters, and pollution entering ponds in source water or chemicals added to ponds for management purposes can contaminate aquacultural products. Thus, water quality in aquaculture extends into the arenas of environmental protection and food quality and safety. A considerable body of literature on water quality management in aquaculture has been accumulated over the past 50 years. The first attempt to compile this information was a small book entitled Water Quality in Warmwater Fish Ponds (Boyd I 979a).

Quality seed, feed and fertilizer are known to decree target fish yield in any type of aquaculture system. Among these vital factors, the right type and input schedule of fertilizers have gathered much scientific concern. Obviously, phosphorus the major limiting nutrient of freshwater culture system has been studied in detail by various workers. However, there is brevity of information on the colossal loss of money encountered by the fisheries sector engrossed in freshwater culture due to the transformation of phosphatic fertilizers into non-recyclable apatite phosphorus. This book provides the first hand information on the utilization of sodium tripolyphosphate in hard water fish culture system for relegating the formation of apatite. The merit of such investigations lie in the fact that the development of a proper phosphatic fertilization schedule for hard water will hold good for brackishwater fish pond also. The results of the present investigation affirm the fact that apatite occurs as the second major constituent of total sedimentary phosphorus. Though the chemical reactions leading to the formation of apatite in aquatic ecosystems remain as a riddle, many of the field trials fortify the operation of the phenomenon of apatite formation in aquaculture system. The present study focuses its prime attention over this crucial reality and advocates the benefits of utilizing sodium tripolyphosphate as a phosphatic fertilizer in aquaculture system. The authors are convinced that intensive field trails in this regard would pave way for the most aspired blue revolution. Contents: Chapter 1: Introduction, Chapter 2: Sample Collection and Methods; Field Experiments on the Dynamics of N and P, Experiment on Regeneration of Sedimentary Nutrients, Experiment on the Hydrolysis of Polyphosphate, Chapter 3: Salient Physico-Chemical Characteristics of the Experimental Ponds; Results, Water Temperature, Secchi Disc Regarding, pH, Dissolved Oxygen, Water Hardness, Carbonate Alkalinity, Bicarbonate Alkalinity, Chlorphyll a , Net Productivity, Assimilation Number, Discussion, Chapter 4: Nitrogen Cycle, Chapter 5: Chemical Species of Nitrogen in Water and Sediment; Results, Ammonia-N, Nitrite-N, Nitrate-N, Exchangeable Ammonia-N (E-NH3-N), Exchangeable Nitrite-N (E-NO2-N), Exchangeable Nitrite-N (E-NO3-N), Sedimentary Organic Nitrogen (SON), Discussion, Chapter 6: Phosphorus Cycle, Chapter 7: Chemical Species of Phosphorus in Water and Sediment; Results, Soluble Inorganic Phosphorus (SIP), Soluble Organic Phosphorus (SOP), Particulate Phosphorus (PP), Polyphosphate-P (PyP), Neutral Hydrolysable Phosphorus (NH-P), Phosphorus Bound to Carbonate (CO3-P), Phosphorus Bound to Oxides of Iron and Manganese (O-Fe and Mn-P), Phosphorus Bound to Iron and Aluminium (Fe and Al-P), Apatite Phosphorus (A-P), Phosphorus Bound to Organic Matter (Po), Residual Phosphorus (R-P), Regeneration of Nitrogen and Phosphorus from Sediment, Hydrolysis of Polyphosphate, Nitrogen: Phosphorus Ration, Fish Production, Discussion, Chapter 8: Conclusion.

Key features: Takes a quantitative approach to the science of aquaculture Covers the complete landscape of the scientific basis of fish culture Promotes problem solving and critical thinking Includes sample problems at the end of most chapters Guides the reader through the technical considerations of intensive aquaculture, including fish growth rates, hydraulic characteristics of fish rearing units, oxygen consumption rates in relation to oxygen solubility and fish tolerance of hypoxia, and water reconditioning by reaeration and ammonia filtration. Discusses the environmental effects of aquaculture Includes a chapter on hatchery effluent control to meet receiving water discharge criteria Aquaculture Technology: Flowing Water and Static Water Fish Culture is the first book to provide the skills to raise fish in both a flowing water and a static water aquaculture system with a pragmatic and quantitative approach. Following in the tradition of the author’s highly praised book, Flowing Water Fish Culture, this work will stand out as one that makes the reader understand the theory of each type of aquaculture system; it will teach the user "how to think" rather than "what to think" about these systems. The book presents the scientific basis for the controlled husbandry of fish, whether it be in a stream of water or a standing water pool. Part 1, Flowing Water Fish Culture, is a major revision of the author’s initial book and includes greatly expanded coverage of rearing unit design criteria, fish growth and the use of liquid oxygen, hatchery effluent control, and recirculating systems. Part 2, Static Water Fish Culture, presents the scientific basis of fish culture in standing water systems including nutrient and dissolved gas dynamics, pond ecology, effects of fertilization and supplemental feeding, water quality management and representative static water aquacultures. Aquaculture Technology conveys the science in a manner appropriate for use by university students and teachers and others involved in fish production and aquaculture research and development worldwide. It will enable the reader to adapt to changing technologies, markets, and environmental regulations as they occur.