Eco Terrorism Specifically Examining The Earth Liberation Front And The Animal Liberation Front

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This book scrutinizes the growth of the ‘eco-terrorism’ movement operating on a global scale, focusing on the main groups and their more radical offshoots, both historically and those currently active. These include Earth First!, the Earth Liberation Front, the Animal Liberation Front and the Sea Shepherd Conservation Society. It critically examines how these groups form and how they have evolved, their key personnel, their strategies and tactics, principles, motivating philosophies and attitudes to violence. Specifically, the book seeks to understand whether such groups inevitably evolve from activists to militants to terrorists, as the literature suggests. Lastly, it considers the future of such groups, asking whether they will become more prominent as more people become ecologically aware and as global environmental conditions deteriorate, or whether such groups have peaked as a force for environmental change.

The first book to thoroughly address the topic, this volume examines the ideologies, tactics, and goals of environmental terrorists and offers a security planning methodology to defend against their attacks. To counter eco-terrorism, we must understand why it occurs. Eco-Warriors, Nihilistic Terrorists, and the Environment is a comprehensive examination of the vulnerability of the natural environment, of its nexus with the strategic goals of terrorists, and of a security-planning methodology that can prevent or ameliorate environmentally linked attacks. The first book to comprehensively address the prevention of environmentally focused terrorism, this work looks at the environment and the private and government facilities that impact it as assets to be protected. Focusing on the capability of lone-wolf terrorists and small, self-radicalizing cells to commit effective violent acts, security expert Lawrence E. Likar furnishes personality and operational profiles of both nihilistic and eco-warrior terrorists, showcasing an essential component of the behavioral-science-based, security-planning methodology he promotes. Most critically, the book addresses the gap in current security-planning methodology and literature, and it reveals novel intelligence-gathering techniques, operational procedures, and countermeasures designed to defend against attacks.

An insider tells how environmentalists and animal rights activists have become "the number one domestic terrorism threat."

As concerns about human treatment of the environment and animals have increased over the years, so have decentralized and extremist groups related to these causes. Environmental and Animal Rights Extremism, Terrorism, and National Security analyzes the international development of radical movements relating to environmental concerns and animal rights in the context of the threats they pose to national security. In addition to tracing the factors responsible for the rapid growth of these movements over the last 25 years, this text presents countermeasures that governments can deploy to neutralize the risk posed by these threats now and in the future. Bringing to bear new developments such as cyber activity and online activism, Environmental and Animal Rights Extremism, Terrorism, and National Security offers an examination of the direct and indirect violence, lone-wolf terrorism, and leaderless resistance that have characterized these radical wings from their inception. By not only identifying the tactics and organizational structures often employed by these groups, but also addressing future trends toward increased radicalization, Environmental and Animal Rights Extremism, Terrorism, and National Security is an important resource for identifying, anticipating, and mitigating threats posed by such movements. Describes the psychological, social, and organizational mechanisms responsible for the functioning of the extremist wings of the interconnected environmental and animal rights movements in the context of national security Identifies the main tactical and organizational ways these movements develop, moving from hierarchical organization to network structures, leaderless resistance, and lone-wolf activities Covers radical environmental and animal rights groups, including Earth First!, Animal Liberation Front, Earth Liberation Front, Animal Rights Militia, and the Sea Shepherd Conservation Society Looks to future trends in radicalization of these movements

The actions of the Animal Liberation Front (ALF) constitute one of the most misunderstood components of the animal advocacy movement in the U.K. and U.S. Not so much an organization as an ever-changing cluster of individuals who free animals from laboratories, farms, and other animal-confinement facilities, the ALF has been by turns romanticized and vilified, hounded and lionized. In this detailed introduction to the ALF, which constitutes the opening chapter of their edited volume, Terrorists or Freedom Fighters?, academics Steve Best and Anthony Nocella place the ALF in the context of other liberation and social justice movements and examine its stated commitment to nonviolence and the forces arrayed against it. The result is a potent, polemical, and passionately engaged study of activism in an age of terror laws and fearmongering.

A Historical Scholarly Collection of Writings on the Earth Liberation Front explores the social movement and tactical impact of the ELF, as well as the government response to its activism, in order to strengthen our analytic understanding of effectiveness, resistance, and community resilience.

The Earth Liberation Front (ELF) has been active in the United States officially since 1997, causing more than $45 million in damages to various entities. As the organization continues to grow and expand its range of targets, ELF has taken an extreme position against individuals, corporations, and governments that, in the organization's view, places monetary gain ahead of the natural environment. Rejecting state sanctioned means of legal protest, ELF uses economic sabotage to inflict financial suffering on those deemed objectionable. In February 2002, the FBI listed the ELF as the largest and most active US-based terrorist group. Although no one has died in any of these operations, ELF's campaign against loggers, SUV dealerships, and others it considers threats to the planet have galvanized and polarized the environmental movement. Former ELF spokesperson Rosebraugh charts the history and ideology of ELF and explores their tactics, successes, and limitations. He shows how ELFers offer an uncompromising vision of an earth under assault from the forces of greed and corporate violence, and how they employ direct action against those they deem a threat to the planet. Rosebraugh also examines the issues of whether violence is or is not justifiable, and the short- and long-term political benefits and drawbacks of using violence. Finally, he offers a trenchant vision of the future of the environmental movement, radical politics, and US democracy under the so-called Patriot Act. Whatever your view of direct action or violence, Burning Rage of a Dying Planet is essential reading for those trying to understand the mindset and motivations of contemporary radical environmentalists.