Electrochemical Methods For Hydrogen Production

Increased hydrogen supplies using cleaner methods are seen as essential for potential hydrogen based power systems for transportation and renewable energy conversion into fuel. This book provides a comprehensive picture of the various routes to use electricity to produce hydrogen using electrochemical science and technology. Edited by an expert in the field, this title will be of interest to graduate students and researchers in academia and industry working in energy, electrochemistry, physical chemistry and chemical engineering.

Hydrogen Electrochemical Production presents different avenues of hydrogen production for energy applications, including current developments and future perspectives, using an interdisciplinary approach. Part of the Hydrogen Energy and Fuel Cell Primers series, the volume synthesizes information from many sources, making it a useful reference for industry professionals, researchers and graduate students. The book examines various methods, explaining their advantages and limitations. The water electrolysis reaction and systems are explored from different points of view, including an assessment of state-of-the-art technologies. Alternatives to water for feeding the electrolysis cell anode and for electrochemical hydrogen production (such as alcohol or other compounds from biomass) are discussed. Explores current technology developments and future perspectives of hydrogen production for energy applications Examines the state-of-the art technology in electrolysis reaction and systems and discusses the advantages and limitations of various methods Covers alternatives to water for feeding electrolysis cell anode, including alcohol and other compounds from biomass

The focus of this book is on electrochemical hydrogen technologies and fuel cell technologies in particular. Precipitated by the energy crisis in 1973, intensive work has been done world-wide on hydrogen technologies. Water electrolysis was the main objective. The steady increase of combustion of fossil fuels, with the ensuing CO 2 content in the environment, has led to a greater need to change the use of energy conversion and consumption. Hydrogen, based on nuclear and renewable energies, could become indispensable for energy storage and long range transport. Only electrolysis allows the conversion of electrical energy into hydrogen with high efficiency. Prior to the introduction of non-polluting but very expensive methods for energy harvesting and conversion, it is first necessary to ascertain how to save energy and to refurbish energy conversion systems to obtain the highest efficiencies with the lowest CO 2 emissions, e.g. in large scale electricity generation.Collected here in 7 chapters are the contributions of internationally known electrochemical engineers who work actively in this rapidly developing field. The relevant work reviewed extends from fundamental findings in the field of technical electrocatalysis of hydrogen and oxygen reactions to water electrolysis, chlor-alkali electrolysis (which is still practically the most important process for electrolytic hydrogen generation), thermochemical hybrid cycles and on finally to fuel cells. The latter in their advanced form of heavy, high-temperature cells promise to become the basis for highly efficient electric power plants for converting the chemical energy of fossil fuels, or hydrogen from fossil combustibles like methane, or coal into electricity with system efficiencies greater than 55%.The material presented in this volume should prove of immense value to electrochemical engineers, producers of electrolyzers and fuel cells, electrical engineers and political/technical decision makers. It will also be of use to academic teachers lecturing on electrochemistry and advanced technologies.

Production of Clean Hydrogen by Electrochemical Reforming of Oxygenated Organic Compounds provides a comprehensive overview of the thermodynamics and experimental results that allow the decomposition process of organic compounds leading to hydrogen to be carried out at working cell voltages much lower than those encountered in water electrolysis. The authors review different methods of synthesis and characterization of the catalysts needed to activate the electro-oxidation reaction and describe different electrolysis experiments that produce hydrogen in a Proton Exchange Membrane Electrolysis Cell (PEMEC). Other sections investigate the effect of the nature of the reactive molecules, the nature and structure of the catalysts, and more. By exploring the link between organic oxidation/conversion to hydrogen production, this book fills a gap in the existing literature and provides researchers in the field with an authoritative and comprehensive reference they can use when developing new sustainable processes and systems for hydrogen production. Explores, in detail, the decomposition process of organic compounds leading to hydrogen Presents foundational information, practical insights and pathways for future work in the development of proton exchange membrane electrolysis cell systems Includes results, experimental data and interpretations using different organic compounds, such as methanol, formic acid, ethanol, glycerol and biomass

This book provides state-of-the-art reviews, current research and prospects of producing hydrogen using bio, thermal and electrochemical methods and covers hydrogen separation, storage and applications. Hydrogen produced from biomass offers a clean and renewable energy source and a promising energy carrier that will supplement or replace fossil fuels in the future. The book is intended as a reference work for researchers, academics and industrialists working in the chemical and biological sciences, engineering, renewable resources and sustainability. Readers will find a wealth of information in the text that is both useful for the practical development of hydrogen systems and essential for assessing hydrogen production by bioelectrochemical, electrochemical, fermentation, gasification, pyrolysis and solar means, applied to many forms of biomass. Dr. Zhen Fang is Professor in Bioenergy, Leader and founder of biomass group, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden and is also adjunct Professor of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China. Dr. Richard L Smith, Jr. is Professor of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Research Center of Supercritical Fluid Technology, Tohoku University, Japan. Dr. Xinhua Qi is Professor of Environmental Science, Nankai University, China.

Sustainable Hydrogen Production provides readers with an introduction to the processes and technologies used in major hydrogen production methods. This book serves as a unique source for information on advanced hydrogen generation systems and applications (including integrated systems, hybrid systems, and multigeneration systems with hydrogen production). Advanced and clean technologies are linked to environmental impact issues, and methods for sustainable development are thoroughly discussed. With Earth’s fast-growing populations, we face the challenge of rapidly rising energy needs. To balance these we must explore more sustainable methods of energy production. Hydrogen is one key sustainable method because of its versatility. It is a constituent of a large palette of essential materials, chemicals, and fuels. It is a source of power and a source of heat. Because of this versatility, the demand for hydrogen is sure to increase as we aim to explore more sustainable methods of energy. Furthermore, Sustainable Hydrogen Production provides methodologies, models, and analysis techniques to help achieve better use of resources, efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and sustainability. The book is intellectually rich and interesting as well as practical. The fundamental methods of hydrogen production are categorized based on type of energy source: electrical, thermal, photonic, and biochemical. Where appropriate, historical context is introduced. Thermodynamic concepts, illustrative examples, and case studies are used to solve concrete power engineering problems. Addresses the fundamentals of hydrogen production using electrical, thermal, photonic, and biochemical energies Presents new models, methods, and parameters for performance assessment Provides historical background where appropriate Outlines key connections between hydrogen production methods and environmental impact/sustainable development Provides illustrative examples, case studies, and study problems within each chapter

Hydrogen storage is considered a key technology for stationary and portable power generation especially for transportation. This volume covers the novel technologies to efficiently store and distribute hydrogen and discusses the underlying basics as well as the advanced details in hydrogen storage technologies. The book has two major parts: Chemical and electrochemical hydrogen storage and Carbon-based materials for hydrogen storage. The following subjects are detailed in Part I: Multi stage compression system based on metal hydrides Metal-N-H systems and their physico-chemical properties Mg-based nano materials with enhanced sorption kinetics Gaseous and electrochemical hydrogen storage in the Ti-Z-Ni Electrochemical methods for hydrogenation/dehydrogenation of metal hydrides In Part II the following subjects are addressed: Activated carbon for hydrogen storage obtained from agro-industrial waste Hydrogen storage using carbonaceous materials Hydrogen storage performance of composite material consisting of single walled carbon nanotubes and metal oxide nanoparticles Hydrogen storage characteristics of graphene addition of hydrogen storage materials Discussion of the crucial features of hydrogen adsorption of nanotextured carbon-based materials

Electrochemical Power Sources: Fundamentals, Systems, and Applications: Hydrogen Production by Water Electrolysis offers a comprehensive overview about different hydrogen production technologies, including their technical features, development stage, recent advances, and technical and economic issues of system integration. Allied processes such as regenerative fuel cells and sea water electrolysis are also covered. For many years hydrogen production by water electrolysis was of minor importance, but research and development in the field has increased significantly in recent years, and a comprehensive overview is missing. This book bridges this gap and provides a general reference to the topic. Hydrogen production by water electrolysis is the main technology to integrate high shares of electricity from renewable energy sources and balance out the supply and demand match in the energy system. Different electrochemical approaches exist to produce hydrogen from RES (Renewable Energy Sources). Covers the fundamentals of hydrogen production by water electrolysis Reviews all relevant technologies comprehensively Outlines important technical and economic issues of system integration Includes commercial examples and demonstrates electrolyzer projects