Federated Learning Systems

This book covers the research area from multiple viewpoints including bibliometric analysis, reviews, empirical analysis, platforms, and future applications. The centralized training of deep learning and machine learning models not only incurs a high communication cost of data transfer into the cloud systems but also raises the privacy protection concerns of data providers. This book aims at targeting researchers and practitioners to delve deep into core issues in federated learning research to transform next-generation artificial intelligence applications. Federated learning enables the distribution of the learning models across the devices and systems which perform initial training and report the updated model attributes to the centralized cloud servers for secure and privacy-preserving attribute aggregation and global model development. Federated learning benefits in terms of privacy, communication efficiency, data security, and contributors’ control of their critical data.

How is it possible to allow multiple data owners to collaboratively train and use a shared prediction model while keeping all the local training data private? Traditional machine learning approaches need to combine all data at one location, typically a data center, which may very well violate the laws on user privacy and data confidentiality. Today, many parts of the world demand that technology companies treat user data carefully according to user-privacy laws. The European Union's General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) is a prime example. In this book, we describe how federated machine learning addresses this problem with novel solutions combining distributed machine learning, cryptography and security, and incentive mechanism design based on economic principles and game theory. We explain different types of privacy-preserving machine learning solutions and their technological backgrounds, and highlight some representative practical use cases. We show how federated learning can become the foundation of next-generation machine learning that caters to technological and societal needs for responsible AI development and application.

Federated Learning: A Comprehensive Overview of Methods and Applications presents an in-depth discussion of the most important issues and approaches to federated learning for researchers and practitioners. Federated Learning (FL) is an approach to machine learning in which the training data are not managed centrally. Data are retained by data parties that participate in the FL process and are not shared with any other entity. This makes FL an increasingly popular solution for machine learning tasks for which bringing data together in a centralized repository is problematic, either for privacy, regulatory or practical reasons. This book explains recent progress in research and the state-of-the-art development of Federated Learning (FL), from the initial conception of the field to first applications and commercial use. To obtain this broad and deep overview, leading researchers address the different perspectives of federated learning: the core machine learning perspective, privacy and security, distributed systems, and specific application domains. Readers learn about the challenges faced in each of these areas, how they are interconnected, and how they are solved by state-of-the-art methods. Following an overview on federated learning basics in the introduction, over the following 24 chapters, the reader will dive deeply into various topics. A first part addresses algorithmic questions of solving different machine learning tasks in a federated way, how to train efficiently, at scale, and fairly. Another part focuses on providing clarity on how to select privacy and security solutions in a way that can be tailored to specific use cases, while yet another considers the pragmatics of the systems where the federated learning process will run. The book also covers other important use cases for federated learning such as split learning and vertical federated learning. Finally, the book includes some chapters focusing on applying FL in real-world enterprise settings.

Federated Learning: Theory and Practice provides a holistic treatment to federated learning, starting with a broad overview on federated learning as a distributed learning system with various forms of decentralized data and features. A detailed exposition then follows of core challenges and practical modeling techniques and solutions, spanning a variety of aspects in communication efficiency, theoretical convergence and security, viewed from different perspectives. Part II features emerging challenges stemming from many socially driven concerns of federated learning as a future public machine learning service, and Part III and IV present a wide array of industrial applications of federated learning, including potential venues and visions for federated learning in the near future. This book provides a comprehensive and accessible introduction to federated learning which is suitable for researchers and students in academia and industrial practitioners who seek to leverage the latest advances in machine learning for their entrepreneurial endeavors Presents the fundamentals and a survey of key developments in the field of federated learning Provides emerging, state-of-the art topics that build on fundamentals Contains industry applications Gives an overview of visions of the future

The term Federated Learning was coined as recently as 2016 to describe a machine learning setting where multiple entities collaborate in solving a machine learning problem, under the coordination of a central server or service provider. Each client's raw data is stored locally and not exchanged or transferred; instead, focused updates intended for immediate aggregation are used to achieve the learning objective.Since then, the topic has gathered much interest across many different disciplines and the realization that solving many of these interdisciplinary problems likely requires not just machine learning but techniques from distributed optimization, cryptography, security, differential privacy, fairness, compressed sensing, systems, information theory, statistics, and more.This monograph has contributions from leading experts across the disciplines, who describe the latest state-of-the art from their perspective. These contributions have been carefully curated into a comprehensive treatment that enables the reader to understand the work that has been done and get pointers to where effort is required to solve many of the problems before Federated Learning can become a reality in practical systems.Researchers working in the area of distributed systems will find this monograph an enlightening read that may inspire them to work on the many challenging issues that are outlined. This monograph will get the reader up to speed quickly and easily on what is likely to become an increasingly important topic: Federated Learning.

Learn the essential skills for building an authentic federated learning system with Python and take your machine learning applications to the next level Key FeaturesDesign distributed systems that can be applied to real-world federated learning applications at scaleDiscover multiple aggregation schemes applicable to various ML settings and applicationsDevelop a federated learning system that can be tested in distributed machine learning settingsBook Description Federated learning (FL) is a paradigm-shifting technology in AI that enables and accelerates machine learning (ML), allowing you to work on private data. It has become a must-have solution for most enterprise industries, making it a critical part of your learning journey. This book helps you get to grips with the building blocks of FL and how the systems work and interact with each other using solid coding examples. FL is more than just aggregating collected ML models and bringing them back to the distributed agents. This book teaches you about all the essential basics of FL and shows you how to design distributed systems and learning mechanisms carefully so as to synchronize the dispersed learning processes and synthesize the locally trained ML models in a consistent manner. This way, you'll be able to create a sustainable and resilient FL system that can constantly function in real-world operations. This book goes further than simply outlining FL's conceptual framework or theory, as is the case with the majority of research-related literature. By the end of this book, you'll have an in-depth understanding of the FL system design and implementation basics and be able to create an FL system and applications that can be deployed to various local and cloud environments. What you will learnDiscover the challenges related to centralized big data ML that we currently face along with their solutionsUnderstand the theoretical and conceptual basics of FLAcquire design and architecting skills to build an FL systemExplore the actual implementation of FL servers and clientsFind out how to integrate FL into your own ML applicationUnderstand various aggregation mechanisms for diverse ML scenariosDiscover popular use cases and future trends in FLWho this book is for This book is for machine learning engineers, data scientists, and artificial intelligence (AI) enthusiasts who want to learn about creating machine learning applications empowered by federated learning. You'll need basic knowledge of Python programming and machine learning concepts to get started with this book.

Mobile, wearable, and self-driving telephones are just a few examples of modern distributed networks that generate enormous amount of information every day. Due to the growing computing capacity of these devices as well as concerns over the transfer of private information, it has become important to process the part of the data locally by moving the learning methods and computing to the border of devices. Federated learning has developed as a model of education in these situations. Federated learning (FL) is an expert form of decentralized machine learning (ML). It is essential in areas like privacy, large-scale machine education and distribution. It is also based on the current stage of ICT and new hardware technology and is the next generation of artificial intelligence (AI). In FL, central ML model is built with all the data available in a centralised environment in the traditional machine learning. It works without problems when the predictions can be served by a central server. Users require fast responses in mobile computing, but the model processing happens at the sight of the server, thus taking too long. The model can be placed in the end-user device, but continuous learning is a challenge to overcome, as models are programmed in a complete dataset and the end-user device lacks access to the entire data package. Another challenge with traditional machine learning is that user data is aggregated at a central location where it violates local privacy policies laws and make the data more vulnerable to data violation. This book provides a comprehensive approach in federated learning for various aspects.

This new book provides an in-depth understanding of federated learning, a new and increasingly popular learning paradigm that decouples data collection and model training via multi-party computation and model aggregation. The volume explores how federated learning integrates AI technologies, such as blockchain, machine learning, IoT, edge computing, and fog computing systems, allowing multiple collaborators to build a robust machine-learning model using a large dataset. It highlights the capabilities and benefits of federated learning, addressing critical issues such as data privacy, data security, data access rights, and access to heterogeneous data. The volume first introduces the general concepts of machine learning and then summarizes the federated learning system setup and its associated terminologies. It also presents a basic classification of FL, the application of FL for various distributed computing scenarios, an integrated view of applications of software-defined networks, etc. The book also explores the role of federated learning in the Internet of Medical Things systems as well. The book provides a pragmatic analysis of strategies for developing a communication-efficient federated learning system. It also details the applicability of blockchain with federated learning on IoT-based systems. It provides an in-depth study of FL-based intrusion detection systems, discussing their taxonomy and functioning and showcasing their superiority over existing systems. The book is unique in that it evaluates the privacy and security aspects in federated learning. The volume presents a comprehensive analysis of some of the common challenges, proven threats, and attack strategies affecting FL systems. Special coverage on protected shot-based federated learning for facial expression recognition is also included. This comprehensive book, Federated Learning: Principles, Paradigms, and Applications, will enable research scholars, information technology professionals, and distributed computing engineers to understand various aspects of federated learning concepts and computational techniques for real-life implementation.