Freeze Drying

Freeze-drying is an important preservation technique for heat-sensitive pharmaceuticals and foods. Products are first frozen, then dried in a vacuum at low temperature by sublimation and desorption, rather than by the application of heat. The resulting items can be stored at room temperature for long periods. This informative text addresses both principles and practice in this area. The first chapter introduces freeze-drying. The authors then review the fundamentals of the technique, heat-mass transfer analyses, modelling of the drying process and the equipment employed. Further chapters focus on freeze-drying of food, freeze-drying of pharmaceuticals and the protective agents and additives applied. The final chapter covers the important subjects of disinfection, sterilization and process validation. Freeze-drying of pharmaceutical and food products is an essential reference for food, pharmaceutical and refrigeration engineers and scientists with an interest in preservation techniques. It will also be of use to students in these fields. Addresses the principles and practices used in this important preservation technique Explains the fundamentals of heat-mass transfer analysis, modelling and the equipment used Discusses the importance of disinfection, sterilization and process validation

In addition to outlining the fundamental principles associated with the conservation of biological resources, freeze-drying and cryopreservation, this text is a compilation of cryptopreservation and freeze-drying methodologies applicable to different biological materiels, developed by expert laboratories.

This completely updated and enlarged third edition of the classic text adopts a practical approach to describe the fundamentals of freeze-drying, backed by many explanatory examples. Following an introduction to the fundamentals, the book goes on to discuss process and plant automation as well as methods to transfer pilot plant qualifications and process data to production. An entire section is devoted to a large range of different pharmaceutical, biological, and medical products. New to this edition are chapters on antibodies, freeze-dry microscopy, TEMPRIS, microwave freeze-drying, spray freeze-drying, and PAT. Their many years of experience in freeze-drying enable the authors to supply valuable criteria for the selection of laboratory, pilot and production plants, discussing the advantages, drawbacks and limitations of different plant designs. Alongside guidelines for the evaluation and qualification of plants and processes, the author also includes a troubleshooting section.

Aimed at product and process developers in the biopharmaceutical industry and academia, this is the first book to describe freeze-drying, as related to the pharmaceutical industry.

Freeze Drying of Pharmaceutical Products provides an overview of the most recent and cutting-edge developments and technologies in the field, focusing on formulation developments and process monitoring and considering new technologies for process development. This book contains case studies from freeze dryer manufacturers and pharmaceutical companies for readers in industry and academia. It was contributed to by lyophilization experts to create a detailed analysis of the subject matter, organically presenting recent advancements in freeze-drying research and technology. It discusses formulation design, process optimization and control, new PAT-monitoring tools, multivariate image analysis, process scale-down and development using small-scale freeze-dryers, use of CFD for equipment design, and development of continuous processes. This book is for industry professionals, including chemical engineers and pharmaceutical scientists.

Table of Contents Preface Preface to the First Edition 1 Foundations and Process Engineering 1 2 Installation and Equipment Technique 165 3 Pharmaceutical, Biological and Medical Products 295 4 Food and Luxury Food 345 5 Metal Oxides, Ceramic Powders 359 6 Trouble Shooting and Regulatory Issues 367.

This text is devoted to pharmaceutical freeze-drying in all its forms and in all its technological variations. Whether you freeze-dry nonsterile tablets or you lyophilize injectables, this book covers all the technological and regulatory requirements. Written by a panel of leading practitioners in the pharmaceutical industry -- production experts, regulatory inspectors, technical consultants, and equipment suppliers -- the information is relevant, usable, and timely. Practical, "how to" chapters serve as training aids, and each section stands on its own as a concise, easy-to-access resource for both managers and technicians.