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Fundamentals of Computing and Programming in C is designed to serve as a textbook for students of engineering and computer science. The book begins with an introduction to computer basics, explains number systems, computer software, the Internet and its applications, and algorithms, and then moves on to a detailed coverage of programming in C. Concepts such as compilers, linkers, loaders, data types, functions, arrays, strings, pointers, structures and unions, and file systems have been explained exhaustively. Finally, preprocessing and program development are discussed, highlighting the advantages of the powerful C preprocessor. Interspersed with numerous solved examples based on daily life, the theory is well supported by plenty of review questions and programming exercises at the end of each chapter. Written in a clear and lucid style, the book encourages self-study and motivates the student towards independent problem solving.

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Download your digital copy today and embark on a journey of foundational mastery in computer science and technology. 1 Introduction to Computers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.1 Computer Systems and Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.2 Computer Generations and Classification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 1.3 Computer Performance and Reliability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 1.4 Computer Networks and the Internet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 1.5 Definition and Classification of Computers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 1.6 Characteristics of Computers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 1.7 Components of a Computer System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 1.8 Computer Architecture and Organization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 2 Computer Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 2.1 CPU Architecture and Organization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 2.2 Memory Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122 2.3 Input/Output Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141 2.4 Secondary Storage Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184 3 Data Representation and Number Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215 3.1 Binary, Octal, Decimal, and Hexadecimal Number Systems . . . . . . 215 3.2 Two?s Complement and Floating Point Representation . . . . . . . . . . 219 3.3 ASCII and Unicode Character Encoding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222 4 Computer Hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225 4.1 Input Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225 4.2 Output Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249 4.3 Processing Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272 4.4 Storage Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273 4.5 Computer Memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303 4.6 Motherboards and Expansion Cards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324 5 Computer Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345 5.1 Types of Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345 5.2 Operating Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 364 5.3 Utility Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 435 5.4 System Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 440 5.5 Application Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 506 5.6 Programming Languages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 536 6 Computer Networks and Communications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 585 6.1 Network Topologies and Protocols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 585 6.2 LAN, WAN, and the Internet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 607 6.3 Network Security and Cybersecurity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 618 6.4 Wireless Communication Technologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 735 6.5 Types of Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 746 6.6 Network Topologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 762 6.7 Network Protocols and Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 793 6.8 Network Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 806 6.9 Internet and Web Technologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 829 7 Input/Output and Storage Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 865 7.1 Storage Devices: Hard Disk, SSD, and Flash Memory . . . . . . . . . . . 865 8 Computer Peripherals and Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 903 8.1 Peripheral Devices: Scanner, Camera, and Microphone . . . . . . . . . . 903 8.2 Interface Standards: USB, HDMI, and Thunderbolt . . . . . . . . . . . . . 909 8.3 Expansion Slots and Cards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 914 9 Computer Applications and Uses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 915 9.1 Scientific and Engineering Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 915 10 Computer Ethics and Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 923 10.1 Types of Threats and Attacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 923 10.2 Security Measures and Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 966 10.3 Cryptography and Encryption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 967 10.4 Firewalls and Antivirus Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1011 10.5 Ethics in Computing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1018 10.6 Intellectual Property Rights and Privacy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1100 10.7 Computer Viruses, Malware, and Hacking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1122 11 Emerging Trends in Computing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1129 11.1 Cloud Computing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1129 11.2 Internet of Things (IoT) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1204 11.3 Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1230 11.4 Quantum Computing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1262 11.5 Virtual and Augmented Reality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1266 12 Computer Peripherals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1291 12.1 Printers and Scanners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1291 12.2 Digital Cameras and Camcorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1304 12.3 Audio and Video Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1307 12.4 Mobile Devices and Smartphones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1313 13 Computer Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1325 13.1 O?ice Automation Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1325 13.2 Graphics and Multimedia Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1331 13.3 Database Management Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1345 13.4 Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1392 13.5 E-commerce and E-business Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1403 14 Computer History and Evolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1441 14.1 Early Computing Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1441 14.2 Development of Computers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1443 14.3 Evolution of Computer Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1502 14.4 Future Trends in Computing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1508 15 Computer Ethics and Professionalism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1511 15.1 Ethical and Social Issues in Computing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1511

Master the basics of computer fundamentals with precision using this comprehensive MCQ mastery guide. Tailored for students, beginners, and enthusiasts, this resource offers a curated selection of practice questions covering key concepts, components, and operations in computer fundamentals. Delve deep into computer architecture, software, hardware, and networking while enhancing your problem-solving skills. Whether you're preparing for exams or seeking to reinforce your practical knowledge, this guide equips you with the tools needed to excel. Build a solid foundation in computer fundamentals and embark on your journey in the world of computing with confidence using this indispensable resource.

The Code of Federal Regulations is the codification of the general and permanent rules published in the Federal Register by the executive departments and agencies of the Federal Government.

Special edition of the Federal Register, containing a codification of documents of general applicability and future effect ... with ancillaries.

This reference work looks at modern concepts of computer security. It introduces the basic mathematical background necessary to follow computer security concepts before moving on to modern developments in cryptography. The concepts are presented clearly and illustrated by numerous examples. Subjects covered include: private-key and public-key encryption, hashing, digital signatures, authentication, secret sharing, group-oriented cryptography, and many others. The section on intrusion detection and access control provide examples of security systems implemented as a part of operating system. Database and network security is also discussed. The final chapters introduce modern e- business systems based on digital cash.

Diversify your investments with today's fastest growing financial product Exchange-traded funds (ETFs) offer access to a range of investments in a single trade, are usually less volatile than individual stocks, cheaper than most managed funds and more tax-effective. But how do you pick the one that's right for you? This straightforward book helps you weigh up your options, build an effective portfolio and maximise your profits. Get to know the major players in Australia and New Zealand — find a broker, open an account and familiarise yourself with suppliers and indices Understand risk control and diversification — learn the importance of a diversified, lowly correlated portfolio, and how ETFs can help you achieve this Invest smartly in commodities and precious metals — tap into the returns offered by the Australian mining boom Manage small-cap, large-cap, sector and international investments — take advantage of returns in local markets and invest directly in US-listed ETFs Add bonds, REITs and other ETFs — secure consistent yields and add property to your investment portfolio Work non-ETFs into your investment mix — improve returns through careful selection of active managed funds Fund your retirement years — determine how much you need for retirement, and how ETFs can get you there Open the book and find: Advice on choosing ETFs over options, CFDs and warrants Sample portfolios Tips on revamping your portfolio based on life changes How to avoid mistakes that even experienced investors make Forecasts for the future of ETFs in Australia and New Zealand A complete listing of Australian and New Zealand ETFs Great online resources to help you invest in ETFs Learn to: Diversify your investment portfolio Lower your investment costs and reduce your tax liabilities Take advantage of Australia's mining boom by investing in commodities Invest in international markets