Gas Insulated Substations

Comprehensive reference covering all aspects of gas insulated substations including basic principles, technology, use & application, design, specification, testing and ownership issues This book provides an overview on the particular development steps of gas insulated high-voltage switchgear, and is based on the information given with the editor’s tutorial. The theory is kept low only as much as it is needed to understand gas insulated technology, with the main focus of the book being on delivering practical application knowledge. It discusses some introductory and advanced aspects in the meaning of applications. The start of the book presents the theory of Gas Insulated Technology, and outlines reliability, design, safety, grounding and bonding, and factors for choosing GIS. The third chapter presents the technology, covering the following in detail: manufacturing, specification, instrument transformers, Gas Insulated Bus, and the assembly process. Next, the book goes into control and monitoring, which covers local control cabinet, bay controller, control schemes, and digital communication. Testing is explained in the middle of the book before installation and energization. Importantly, operation and maintenance is discussed. This chapter includes information on repair, extensions, retrofit or upgrade, and overloading. Finally applications are covered along with concepts of layout, typical layouts, mixed technology substations, and then other topics such as life cycle assessment, environmental impact, and project management. A one-stop, complete reference text on gas insulated substations (GIS), large-capacity and long-distance electricity transmission, which are of increasing importance in the power industry today Details advanced and basic material, accessible for both existing GIS users and those planning to adopt the technology Discusses both the practical and theoretical aspects of GIS Written by acknowledged GIS experts who have been involved in the development of the technology from the start

The increase in demand for electricity and the growing energy density in metropolitan cities have made it necessary to extend the existing high voltage network right up to the consumer. Stepping down the voltage from transmission to the distribution level at the substations located near the actual consumers not only yields economic advantages, but also ensures reliable power supply. Such substations are required to meet a number of severe requirements, including small installation size, effective protection against atmospheric pollution and moisture, noiseless operation, nonexplosive and flame resistant, reduced maintenance, minimal radio interference while providing excellent electric characteristics. Conventional substations using atmospheric air as the main dielectric cannot satisfy these requirements, but totally enclosed substations using sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) gas insulation that are also known as Gas Insulated Substations (GIS). GIS is now in widespread use in the electrical power industry, especially in metropolitan areas. This book will serve as a valuable reference for the novice as well as the expert who needs a wider and detailed scope of coverage within the area of GIS. Gas Insulated Substations provides a comprehensive coverage of a wide range of topics which include: " Introduction to GIS & Properties of SF6 " Layout, Design, Construction, Testing & Maintenance of GIS " Special Problems and Diagnostic Techniques " VFTO Phenomena and its Effects in GIS " Service Experience " Standards Specifications " Future Trends " Extensive References Gas Insulated Substations (GIS) is the first single source for authoritative information on the state of the art in GIS.

The increase in demand for electricity and the growing energy density in metropolitan cities have made it necessary to extend the existing high voltage network right up to the consumer. Stepping down the voltage from transmission to the distribution level at the substations located near the actual consumers not only yields economic advantages, but also ensures reliable power supply. Such substations are required to meet a number of severe requirements, including small installation size, effective protection against atmospheric pollution and moisture, noiseless operation, nonexplosive and flame resistant, reduced maintenance, minimal radio interference while providing excellent electric characteristics. Conventional substations using atmospheric air as the main dielectric cannot satisfy these requirements, but totally enclosed substations using sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) gas insulation that are also known as Gas Insulated Substations (GIS). GIS is now in widespread use in the electrical power industry, especially in metropolitan areas. This book will serve as a valuable reference for the novice as well as the expert who needs a wider and detailed scope of coverage within the area of GIS. Gas Insulated Substations provides a comprehensive coverage of a wide range of topics which include: * Introduction to GIS & Properties of SF6 * Layout, Design, Construction, Testing & Maintenance of GIS * Special Problems and Diagnostic Techniques * VFTO Phenomena and its Effects in GIS * Service Experience * Standards Specifications * Future Trends * Extensive References Gas Insulated Substations (GIS) is the first single source for authoritative information on the state of the art in GIS.

GAS INSULATED SUBSTATIONS An essential reference guide to gas-insulated substations The second edition of Gas Insulated Substations (GIS) is an all-inclusive reference guide to gas insulated substations (GIS) and its advanced technologies. Updated to the latest technical developments and applications, the guide covers basic physics of gas insulated systems, SF6 insulating gas and its alternatives, safety aspects and factors to choose GIS. GIS technology, its modular structure, control and monitoring systems, testing, installation rules and guidelines for operation, specification, and maintenance. Detailed information on various types for GIS, with 14 reference project explanations and three extensive case studies give information for the best solutions of practical applications. Special solutions using mobile substations concepts, mixed technology switchgear (MTS) with air and gas insulated technology, underground substations, and the use of special GIS substation buildings e.g., shopping centers, parking lots, city parks, business complexes’ or subway stations are explained. Future developments of GIS technology are shown for the next steps in alternatives to SF6, low power instrument transformers, and digitalization of substations. A new chapter explains advanced technologies applied to GIS projects which cover the following; environmental issues for the substation permission process, insulation coordination studies for the network requirements including very fast transients, project scope development, risk-based asset management, health and safety impact, electromagnetic fields, SF6 decomposition byproducts and condition assessment. Disruptive development steps in gas insulated substations technologies are also covered in this second edition. Vacuum breaking and switching technology for rated voltages of up to 500 kV is explained in detail with its physical background. Principle function and possible implementation of low power instrument transformers (LPIT) are explained and examples of applications are given. The principles of digital twin for gas insulated substations (GIS) and gas insulated transmission lines (GIL) are explained in theory and project applications show the practical use and advantage. The wide and fast-growing technical field of offshore GIS applications for AC and DC is explained on many examples and gives information on special requirements when getting offshore. Theoretical requirements on DC gas insulated systems, methods of testing, prototype installation tests, modular design features, and advantages in applications are given. Finally, impact and advantages of digital substations using GIS are explained. Key features: Written by leading GIS experts involved in development and project applications Discusses practical and theoretical aspects Detailed material of GIS for new and experienced GIS users, and project planners Invaluable guide to practicing electrical, mechanical and civil engineers as well as third- and fourth-year electric power engineering students

The technical requirements for the design, fabrication, testing, and installation of a gas-insulated substation (GIS) are covered. The parameters to be supplied by the purchaser are set, and the technical requirements for the design, fabrication, testing, and installation to be furnished by the manufacturer are established.

This handbook offers the whole knowledge of high voltage substations from their design and construction to the maintenance and the ongoing management, the entire asset life-cycle. The content of the book covers a range of substation topologies: Air-Insulated, Gas-Insulated and Mixed Technology Switchgear Substations together with the essential secondary systems. Additionally specialized substations such as ultra high voltage (UHV), offshore substations for wind power plants and the use of gas insulated lines are included. The book includes topics, providing information for increased reliability and availability, asset management, environmental management aspects, and the adoption of appropriate technological advances in equipment and systems in substations. The book was written by more than 30 experts from around the world and assembled through the Cigré study committee on Substations. This guarantees that the book contains information that is based on the global exchange and dissemination of unbiased information for technical and non-technical audiences. Although there are other works containing references to Substations, this book is designed to provide a complete overview of the topic in one book, providing a valuable reference for anyone interested in the topic.