Generalized Fibonacci Sequences

The book entitled "Generalized Fibonacci sequences" has been written to meet the requirements of research scholars of Mathematics. This text provides an introduction to the generalized Fibonacci sequences that are typically encountered (and used) in Mathematics and Engineering research scholars.The amount of literature bears witness to the ubiquity of the Fibonacci numbers. Not only are these numbers popular in expository literature because of their beautiful properties, but also the fact that they occur in nature' adds to their fascination. The Fibonacci sequence and generalized Fibonacci sequence are a source of many nice and interesting identities. These numbers are of great importance in the study of many subjects such as algebra, geometry, combinatorics, approximation theory, graph theory and number theory itself. They occur in a variety of other fields such as finance, art, architecture, music, etc. Fibonacci sequence has been generalized in a number of ways. This book is centered on generalization of Fibonacci sequences.

In this paper, we introduce the notion of generalized Fibonacci sequences over a groupoid and discuss it in particular for the case where the groupoid contains idempotents and pre-idempotents.

In this invaluable book, the basic mathematical properties of the golden ratio and its occurrence in the dimensions of two- and three-dimensional figures with fivefold symmetry are discussed. In addition, the generation of the Fibonacci series and generalized Fibonacci series and their relationship to the golden ratio are presented. These concepts are applied to algorithms for searching and function minimization. The Fibonacci sequence is viewed as a one-dimensional aperiodic, lattice and these ideas are extended to two- and three-dimensional Penrose tilings and the concept of incommensurate projections. The structural properties of aperiodic crystals and the growth of certain biological organisms are described in terms of Fibonacci sequences.

In this invaluable book, the basic mathematical properties of the golden ratio and its occurrence in the dimensions of two- and three-dimensional figures with fivefold symmetry are discussed. In addition, the generation of the Fibonacci series and generalized Fibonacci series and their relationship to the golden ratio are presented. These concepts are applied to algorithms for searching and function minimization. The Fibonacci sequence is viewed as a one-dimensional aperiodic, lattice and these ideas are extended to two- and three-dimensional Penrose tilings and the concept of incommensurate projections. The structural properties of aperiodic crystals and the growth of certain biological organisms are described in terms of Fibonacci sequences. Contents: Basic Properties of the Golden Ratio; Geometric Problems in Two Dimensions; Geometric Problems in Three Dimensions; Fibonacci Numbers; Lucas Numbers and Generalized Fibonacci Numbers; Continued Fractions and Rational Approximants; Generalized Fibonacci Representation Theorems; Optimal Spacing and Search Algorithms; Commensurate and Incommensurate Projections; Penrose Tilings; Quasicrystallography; Biological Applications; Construction of the Regular Pentagon; The First 100 Fibonacci and Lucas Numbers; Relationships Involving the Golden Ratio and Generalized Fibonacci Numbers. Readership: Applied mathematicians.

In this paper, we introduce the notion of generalized Fibonacci sequences over a groupoid and discuss it in particular for the case where the groupoid contains idempotents and pre-idempotents. Using the notion of Smarandache-type P-algebra, we obtain several relations on groupoids which are derived from generalized Fibonacci sequences.

This survey of the use of Fibonacci and Lucas numbers and the ancient principle of the Golden Section covers areas relevant to operational research, statistics, and computational mathematics. 1989 edition.

This book presents a clear and comprehensive introduction to one of the truly fascinating topics in mathematics: Catalan numbers. They crop up in chess, computer programming and even train tracks. In addition to lucid descriptions of the mathematics and history behind Catalan numbers, Koshy includes short biographies of the prominent mathematicians who have worked with the numbers.

This book contains thirty-six papers from among the forty-five papers presented at the Third International Conference on Fibonacci Numbers and Their Applications which was held in Pisa, Italy from July 25 to July 29, 1988 in honor of Leonardo de Pisa. These papers have been selected after a careful review by well known referees in the field, and they range from elementary number theory to probability and statistics. The Fibonacci numbers are their unifying bond. It is anticipated that this book, like its two predecessors, will be useful to research workers and graduate students interested in the Fibonacci numbers and their applications. August 1989 The Editors Gerald E. Bergum South Dakota State University Brookings, South Dakota, U. S. A. Andreas N. Philippou Ministry of Education Nicosia, Cyprus Alwyn F. Horadam University of New England Armidale N. S. W. , Australia xv THE ORGANIZING COMMITTEES LOCAL COMMITTEE INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE Dvornicich, Roberto, Chairman Horadam, A. F. (Australia), Co-chairman Filipponi, Piero Philippou, A. N. (Cyprus), Co-chairman Perelli, Alberto Ando, S. (Japan) Viola, Carlo Bergum, G. E. (U. S. A. ) Zannier, Umberto Johnson, M. B. (U. S. A. ) Kiss, P. (Hungary) Tijdeman, Robert (The Netherlands) Tognetti, K. (Australia) XVII LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS TO THE CONFERENCE' ADLER, I. , RR 1, Box 532, North Bennington, VT 05257-9748. "Separating the Biological from the Mathematical Aspects of Phyllotaxis. " *AKRITAS, A. G. , (coauthor P. G. Bradford). "The Role of the Fibonacci Sequence in the Isolation of the Real Roots of Polynomial Equations.