Geoscience New Advancements

Advances in Geosciences is the result of a concerted effort in bringing the latest results and planning activities related to earth and space science in Asia and the international arena. The volume editors are all leading scientists in their research fields covering six sections: Hydrological Science (HS), Planetary Science (PS), Solar Terrestrial (ST), Solid Earth (SE), Ocean Science (OS) and Atmospheric Science (AS). The main purpose is to highlight the scientific issues essential to the study of earthquakes, tsunamis, atmospheric dust storms, climate change, drought, flood, typhoons, monsoons, space weather, and planetary exploration.

With growing attention on global environmental and climate change, geoscience has experienced rapid change and development in the last three decades. Many new data, methods and modeling techniques have been developed and applied in various aspects of geoscience. The chapters collected in this book present an excellent profile of the current state of various data, analysis methods and modeling techniques, and demonstrate their applications from hydrology, geology and paleogeomorphology, to geophysics, environmental and climate change. The wide range methods and techniques covered in the book include information systems and technology, global position system (GPS), digital sediment core image analysis, fuzzy set theory for hydrology, spatial interpolation, spectral analysis of geophysical data, GIS-based hydrological models, high resolution geological models, 3D sedimentology, change detection from remote sensing, etc. Besides two comprehensive review articles, most chapters focus on in-depth studies of a particular method or technique.

Man’s intensifying use of the Earth’s habitat has led to an urgent need for scientifically advanced ‘geo-prediction systems’ that accurately locate subsurface resources and forecast the timing and magnitude of earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and land subsidence. As advances in the earth sciences lead to process-oriented ways of modeling the complex processes in the solid Earth, the papers in this volume provide a survey of some recent developments at the leading edge of this highly technical discipline. The chapters cover current research in predicting the future behavior of geologic systems as well as the mapping of geologic patterns that exist now in the subsurface as frozen evidence of the past. Both techniques are highly relevant to humanity’s need for resources such as water, and will also help us control environmental degradation. The book also discusses advances made in seismological methods to obtain information on the 3D structure of the mantle and the lithosphere, and in the quantitative understanding of lithospheric scale processes. It covers recent breakthroughs in 3D seismic imaging that have enhanced the spatial resolution of these structural processes, and the move towards 4D imaging that measures these processes over time. The new frontier in modern Earth sciences described in this book has major implications for oceanographic and atmospheric sciences and our understanding of climate variability. It brings readers right up to date with the research in this vital field.

Advances in Earth Science outlines the latest developments and new research directions currently being made world-wide in the earth sciences. It contains invited and refereed articles by leading younger researchers on their cutting-edge research, but aimed at a general scientific audience. This exciting volume explains how powerful methodologies such as satellite remote sensing and supercomputing simulations are now profoundly changing research in the earth sciences; how the earth system is increasingly being viewed in a holistic way, linking the atmosphere, ocean and solid earth; and how the societal impact of the research in the earth sciences has never been more important. Published by Imperial College Press in collaboration with the Royal Society of London, the book features many articles originating from invited papers published in the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. Eleven of the distinguished contributors hold prestigious Royal Society Research Fellowships.

This invaluable volume set of Advances in Geosciences continues the excellent tradition of the Asia-Oceania scientific community in providing the most up-to-date research results on a wide range of geosciences and environmental science. The information is vital to the understanding of the effects of climate change, extreme weathers on the most populated regions and fastest moving economies in the world. Besides, these volumes also highlight original papers from many prestigious research institutions which are doing cutting edge study in atmospheric physics, hydrological science and water resource, ocean science and coastal study, planetary exploration and solar system science, seismology, tsunamis, upper atmospheric physics and space science. Contents:Volume 16: Atmospheric Science (AS):Relationship Between Activity of West Pacific Subtropical High and Diabatic Heating During Heavy Rain in South China in June 2005 (L-J Wang et al.)Lunar-Synodic Component in the East Asian Winter Monsoon (C-H Wu & W-S Kau)August Rainfall in Korea and Its Association with Circulations (K-J Ha & K-S Yun)Changma and Shifting Peak in Summer Rainfall of Korea: ENSO Influence (K-J Ha et al.)and other papersVolume 17: Hydrological Science (HS):Raingauge-Based Rainfall Nowcasting with Artificial Neural Network (S-Y Liong & S He)Short-Term Rainfall Forecasting Using a Bayesian Stochastic Rainfall Burst Model (S Srikanthan et al.)A Synoptic Weather Typing Approach to Assess Climate Change Impacts on Meteorological and Hydrological Risks at Local Scale in South-Central Canada (C S-Q Cheng et al.)Outline for Alternative Rainfall-Runoff Modeling Framework Under Uncertainty (G-H Lee et al.)and other papersVolume 18: Ocean Science (OS):Elevated Phytoplankton Biomass in Marginal Seas in the Low Latitude Ocean: A Case Study of the South China Sea (K-K Liu)Numerical Simulation of Tropical Cyclone Intensity Using an Air-Sea-Wave Coupled Prediction System (L Xie et al.)Coupled Data Assimilation for ENSO Prediction (D Chen)A Non-Boussinesq Terrain-Following OGCM for Oceanographic and Geodetic Applications (Y T Song et al.)and other papersVolume 19: Planetary Science (PS):A Comparison of the Exospheres of Mercury and the Moon (W-H Ip & Y-C Wang)Charged Particle Acceleration in the Hermean Magnetosphere: The Comparison of Contributions of Different Mechanisms (Z Lev et al.)A Model Study on Observation Modes of MIA/MMO Based on the EM Design (W Miyake & Y Saito)Distributions of K and Th on the Moon: The Initial Results from Observations by Selene GRS (Y Karouji et al.)and other papersVolume 20: Solid Earth (SE):Carbonatites in Phong Tho, Lai Chau Province (NW Vietnam): Their Petrogenesis and Relationship with Cenozoic Potassic Alkaline Magmatism (N T Chi et al.)Non-Destructive Detection of Platinum-Bearing Mineral from Geological Sample by Subtraction Imaging with Synchrotron Radiation X-Ray (T Kogiso et al.)Trace, Rare Earth Element (REE) and Platinum Group Element (PGE) Geochemistry of the Mafic and Ultramafic Rocks from Bundelkhand Craton, Central India (M Satyanarayanan et al.)PGE Exploration Studies in India —h; A Few Initiatives (V Balaram)and other papersVolume 21: Solar Terrestrial (ST):Acceleration and Heating of Solar Wind Ions by Nonlinear Waves (L Ofman)Relation Between Loop-Shaped Interplanetary Disturbances and the Magnetic Flux Rope (M Tokumaru et al.)Solar Wind and CME Studies of the Inner Helisophere Using IPS Data from Stelab, ORT, and EISCAT (M M Bisi et al.)Relationship Between Earth-Directed Solar Eruptions and Magnetic Clouds at 1 AU: A Brief Review (V Yurchyshyn & D Tripathi)and other papers Keywords:Climate;Atmospheric Science;Meteorology;Hydrological;Water Management;Ocean Engineering/Coastal Engineering;Planetary Science;Astrophysics/Astronomy/Cosmology;Solid Earth;Geology;Earth Studies/Earth Science;Solar Terresterial Science

Developments in Engineering Geology is a showcase of the diversity in the science and practice of engineering geology. All branches of geology are applicable to solving engineering problems and this presents a wide frontier of scientific opportunity to engineering geology. In practice, diversity represents a different set of challenges with the distinctive character of the profession derived from the crossover between the disciplines of geology and engineering. This book emphasizes the importance of understanding the geological science behind the engineering behaviour of a soil or rock. It also highlights a continuing expansion in the practice areas of engineering geology and illustrates how this is opening new frontiers to the profession thereby introducing new knowledge and technology across a range of applications. This is initiating an evolution in the way geology is modelled in engineering, geohazard and environmental studies in modern and traditional areas of engineering geology.

This invaluable volume set of Advances in Geosciences continues the excellent tradition of the Asia-Oceania scientific community in providing the most up-to-date research results on a wide range of geosciences and environmental science. The information is vital to the understanding of the effects of climate change, extreme weathers on the most populated regions and fastest moving economies in the world. Besides, these volumes also highlight original papers from many prestigious research institutions which are conducting cutting edge studies in atmospheric physics, hydrological science and water resource, ocean science and coastal study, planetary exploration and solar system science, seismology, tsunamis, upper atmospheric physics and space science.