Glycerine Production And Transformation

The increase in the amount of glycerin in the market is a burden for all producers, especially those operating in the biodiesel sector: reuse options are in fact limited for the management of this by-product. Glycerol enhancement has therefore become a priority to improve the sustainability of the biodiesel industry. Nevertheless, the multifunctionality of glycerol makes it a promising precursor for different types of production (fuel/biofuel, chemical products). This conversion has therefore become a subject of multifaceted research that requires an exchange of knowledge across many sectors. In this book, different disciplines (chemistry, biology, engineering, etc.) have been taken into consideration to propose an interdisciplinary point of view on different aspects.

The increase in the amount of glycerin in the market is a burden for all producers, especially those operating in the biodiesel sector: reuse options are in fact limited for the management of this by-product. Glycerol enhancement has therefore become a priority to improve the sustainability of the biodiesel industry. Nevertheless, the multifunctionality of glycerol makes it a promising precursor for different types of production (fuel/biofuel, chemical products). This conversion has therefore become a subject of multifaceted research that requires an exchange of knowledge across many sectors. In this book, different disciplines (chemistry, biology, engineering, etc.) have been taken into consideration to propose an interdisciplinary point of view on different aspects.

This book is aimed at providing a concise discussion on the use of glycerol as a renewable raw material for the chemical industry. With the increasing use of biodiesel produced from oils and fats, there is a surplus of glycerol in the world. This abundant and rather cheap raw material can be transformed in commodities and specialty chemicals, as well as in fuels. The book describes the main processes of chemical transformation of glycerol, highlighting those that are currently in commercial use and pointing out potential processes to be used in the future. The first chapter introduces the concept of biofuel and briefly describes the production of biodiesel. It also highlights glycerol as the main byproduct of biodiesel synthesis and presents some numbers regarding the world production of glycerol. The second chapter shows the common uses of glycerol and addresses the point whether or not they can drain the large amounts of glycerol produced from biodiesel. The chapter addresses pros and cons of each use. The third chapter covers the main biotechnological processes of glycerol transformation. The fourth chapter thoroughly describes the main thermochemical processes to transform glycerol into commodities, products that will be further used in the chemical industry to produce polymers, for instance. The fifth chapter covers the production of glycerol derivatives of high added-value. The sixth chapter addresses the use of glycerol in the context of a biorefinery. The main idea is to show that many of the processes described in the previous chapters could be entirely green, using exclusively renewable raw materials.

Due to their unique physicochemical properties, low cost, and wide availability, ethanol and glycerol have gained attention for their use as alternative feedstocks in the sustainable production of several commodity and specialty products. As a result, during the last decades, there has been intense research aimed at developing the potential applications of these biomass-derived compounds. Ethanol and Glycerol Chemistry - Production, Modelling, Applications, and Technological Aspects discusses recent advances and different aspects of the production, direct applications, and processing of ethanol and glycerol from a multidisciplinary perspective that includes the medical field, fuels, and chemical synthesis.

By-products of global biodiesel manufacturing are a modern day global fact responsible for igniting a number of year's worldwide intense research activity into human chemical ingenuity. This highly anticipated 2nd Edition depicts how practical limitations posed by glycerol chemistry are solved based on the understanding of the fundamental chemistry of glycerol and by application of catalysis science and technology. The authors report and comment on employable, practical avenues applicable to convert glycerol into value added products of mass consumption. The best-selling reference book in the.

Biotechnological Applications of Biomass provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of the art of biomass utilization in agriculture and pharmaceuticals. The information contained herein is useful to researchers and other readers interested in biomass utilization and production of bioproducts.

With its focus on catalysis and addressing two very hot and timely topics with significant implications for our future lives, this will be a white book in the field. The authority behind this practical work is the IDECAT Network of Excellence, and the authors here outline how the use of catalysis will promote the more extensive use of renewable feedstocks in chemical and energy production. They present the latest applications, their applicability and results, making this a ready reference for researchers and engineers working in catalysis, chemistry, and industrial processes wishing to analyze options, outlooks and opportunities in the field.

This monograph summarises results of research in some surface phenomena, observed in mechanical treatment and friction. In particular the book is devoted to urgent problems of the science of friction and wear and provides insight into the mechanism of the phenomena that cause, on the one hand, anomalously low coefficients of friction and wear (the so-called selective transfer) and on the other, dramatic damages of the surface layers during sliding (hydrogen wear of metals). The nature of metal interaction during sliding in selective transfer and hydrogen wear modes is analysed in detail. Furthermore results of studies concerned with certain aspects of phenomena appearing in the process of influencing contacting surfaces and with detecting the relationship between the observed characteristics and behavior of investigated materials in the process of mechanical treatment and friction are presented. The principle followed is to combine varied experimental facts, physical concepts and investigation methods, which at first sight appear to be unrelated, and using this approach to determine general rules. Chapter one provides the reader with a general understanding of fundamental surface phenomena which provide the background to their dynamic interaction in mechanical treatment and under friction. Chapter two deals with the laws governing influence of mechanical effects on the surface. The third chapter presents the fundamentals of the selective transfer theory under friction. Other chapters deal with the possibilities of the Mössbauer electron spectroscopy method, widely used in physics for solving tribology problems, the influence of external electromotive force sources on contact resistance and friction pairs' wear, and hydrogen wear of metals under friction.