Green Chemical Synthesis With Microwaves And Ultrasound

Green Chemical Synthesis with Microwaves and Ultrasound A guide to the efficient and sustainable synthesis of organic compounds Chemical processes and the synthesis of compounds are essential aspects of numerous industries, and particularly central to the creation of drug-like structures. Their often significant environmental biproducts, however, have driven substantial innovations in the areas of green and organic synthesis, which have the potential to drive efficient, solvent-free synthesis and create more sustainable chemical processes. The use of microwaves and ultrasounds in chemical synthesis has proven an especially fruitful area of research, with the potential to produce a more sustainable industrial future. Green Chemical Synthesis with Microwaves and Ultrasound provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances in microwave- and ultrasound-driven synthesis and their cutting-edge applications. Green Chemical Synthesis with Microwaves and Ultrasound readers will also find: Introduction to the key equipment and tools of green chemical synthesis Detailed discussion of methods including ultrasound irradiation, metal-catalyzed reactions, enzymatic reactions, and many more An authorial team with immense experience in environmentally friendly organic chemical production Green Chemical Synthesis with Microwaves and Ultrasound is ideal for chemists, organic chemists, chemical engineers, biochemists, and any researchers or industry professionals working on the synthesis of chemicals and/or organic compounds.

Nontraditional Activation Methods in Green and Sustainable Applications: Microwaves; Ultrasounds; Photo-, Electro- and Mechan-ochemistry and High Hydrostatic Pressure provides a broad overview of non-traditional activation methods to help readers identify and use appropriate approaches in reducing the environmental impact of their work. Sections discuss the fundamental principles of each method and provide examples of their practical use, illustrating their usefulness. Given the importance of expanding laboratory based technologies to the industrial level, chapters that cover both existing and potential industrial and environmental applications are also included. Highlighting the usefulness and adaptability of these methods for a range of practical applications, this book is a practical guide for both those involved with the design and application of synthetic methodologies and those interested in the implementation and impact of green chemistry principles in practice, from synthetic and medicinal chemists, to food developers and environmental policy planners. Discusses, and critically assesses, the advantages of non-traditional activation methods in green and sustainable chemistry applications Features individual chapters written by renowned experts in the field Contains extensive, state-of-the-art reference sections, providing critically filtered information to readers

The third edition of the bestselling two-volume reference covers everything you need to know about microwave technology for synthesis - from the best equipment to nonthermal effects, from solid-support reactions to catalysis. Completely revised and updated with half of the authors completely new to the project, this comprehensive work is clearly divided into two parts on the fundamentals of microwave irradiation, and application of microwaves and synergies with other enabling techniques. Also new to this edition are chapters on on-line monitoring, flow chemistry, combination with ultrasounds and natural products, including multicomponent reactions. An indispensable source for organic, catalytic, physical, and medicinal chemists.

The demands for green and sustainable synthetic methods in the fields of healthcare and fine chemicals, combined with the pressure to produce these substances expeditiously and in an environmentally benign fashion, pose significant challenges to the synthetic chemical community. Green chemistry can avoid pollution by utilizing techniques that are environmentally friendly by design and one of the best green techniques is the use of microwave (MW) assisted aqueous synthetic protocols. Fusing MW technique with water (as a benign reaction medium) can offer an extraordinary synergistic effect with greater potential than these two individual components in isolation. Selective microwave heating can be exploited to develop a high yield protocol and the use of water expedites the MW-protocol with more energy efficiency. This book provides an overview of the various processes developed using aqueous microwave chemistry and is written for chemists, chemical engineers and researchers in the early stages who want to develop sustainable and green processes. Written by well known microwave experts, the book is a comprehensive examination of the field and is the first book that deals strictly with aqueous microwave chemistry and represents a significant effort towards green chemistry. It covers all the microwave-assisted aqueous reactions in depth, including heterocycle synthesis, metal catalysis, enzyme catalysis, polymer synthesis, nanomaterials synthesis and nano-catalysis. Each chapter contains representative experimental procedures, helping the reader quickly replicate some of the experiments to gain hands-on experience.

Most of the chemical manufacturing industries use electricity generated from coal for heating puropses. Use of coal generates oxides of carbon, nitrogen and sulphur which are responsible for Environmental Pollution. In view of this, attempts have been made to use alternate energy processes. This book deals with the use of microwaves, sonication and photo activation as alternate energy sources. Besides these energy processes, some reactions can also be carried out just by mixing of the reactants in a pestle-mortar or by just heating at low temperatures (40-70 degrees C). These alternate energy processes will go a long way in minimizing the pollution of the environment.

The large-scale production of chemicals to meet various societal needs has created environmental pollution, including pollution from byproducts and improper disposal of waste. With the world facing adverse consequences due to this pollution, green chemistry is increasingly being viewed as a means to address this concern. Since most organic syntheses require toxic solvents, more reaction time, and drastic conditions of temperature, conventional methods of organic synthesis are less preferred. Microwave-assisted organic synthesis is considered to be a promising green chemical approach because it reduces reaction time from days or hours to minutes or even seconds, and has many other advantages. It helps reduce side reactions and increase yields, uses fewer solvents or is almost solvent-free, has solid supported reactions, and improves purity. This book’s main focus is microwave-assisted organic synthesis processes, particularly various reactions such as cycloaddition, rearrangement, elimination, substitution, oxidation, reduction, condensation, coupling, polymerization, nanomaterials, synthesis of heterocycles, and industrial applications under microwave irradiation. The time is not far off when this methodology will virtually replace existing and cumbersome methods of organic synthesis.

Ultrasonic irradiation and the associated sonochemical and sonophysical effects are complementary techniques for driving more efficient chemical reactions and yields. Sonochemistry—the chemical effects and applications of ultrasonic waves—and sustainable (green) chemistry both aim to use less hazardous chemicals and solvents, reduce energy consumption, and increase product selectivity. A comprehensive collection of knowledge, Handbook on Applications of Ultrasound covers the most relevant aspects linked to and linking green chemistry practices to environmental sustainability through the uses and applications of ultrasound-mediated and ultrasound-assisted biological, biochemical, chemical, and physical processes. Chapters are presented in the areas of: Medical applications Drug and gene delivery Nanotechnology Food technology Synthetic applications and organic chemistry Anaerobic digestion Environmental contaminants degradation Polymer chemistry Industrial syntheses and processes Reactor design Electrochemical systems Combined ultrasound−microwave technologies While the concepts of sonochemistry have been known for more than 80 years, in-depth understanding of this phenomenon continues to evolve. Through a review of the current status of chemical and physical science and engineering in developing more environmentally friendly and less toxic synthetic processes, this book highlights many existing applications and the enormous potential of ultrasound technology to upgrade present industrial, agricultural, and environmental processes.

The book describes on an introductory level the designing of chemical processes and products so as to reduce or eliminate the use or production of toxic or hazards substances. It explains the code of conduct meant to reduce the environmental impact of any chemical process, whether at laboratory scale or industrial scale. The synonyms of Green Chemistry are the Sustainable Chemistry or the low-environmental-impact Chemistry.