Handbook Of Multibiometrics

Details multimodal biometrics and its exceptional utility for increasingly reliable human recognition systems. Reveals the substantial advantages of multimodal systems over conventional identification methods.

Biometrics is a rapidly evolving field with applications ranging from accessing one’s computer to gaining entry into a country. The deployment of large-scale biometric systems in both commercial and government applications has increased public awareness of this technology. Recent years have seen significant growth in biometric research resulting in the development of innovative sensors, new algorithms, enhanced test methodologies and novel applications. This book addresses this void by inviting some of the prominent researchers in Biometrics to contribute chapters describing the fundamentals as well as the latest innovations in their respective areas of expertise.

Starting with fingerprints more than a hundred years ago, there has been ongoing research in biometrics. Within the last forty years face and speaker recognition have emerged as research topics. However, as recently as a decade ago, biometrics itself did not exist as an independent field. Each of the biometric-related topics grew out of different disciplines. For example, the study of fingerprints came from forensics and pattern recognition, speaker recognition evolved from signal processing, the beginnings of face recognition were in computer vision, and privacy concerns arose from the public policy arena. One of the challenges of any new field is to state what the core ideas are that define the field in order to provide a research agenda for the field and identify key research problems. Biometrics has been grappling with this challenge since the late 1990s. With the matu ration of biometrics, the separate biometrics areas are coalescing into the new discipline of biometrics. The establishment of biometrics as a recognized field of inquiry allows the research community to identify problems that are common to biometrics in general. It is this identification of common problems that will define biometrics as a field and allow for broad advancement.

This comprehensive handbook addresses the sophisticated forensic threats and challenges that have arisen in the modern digital age, and reviews the new computing solutions that have been proposed to tackle them. These include identity-related scenarios which cannot be solved with traditional approaches, such as attacks on security systems and the identification of abnormal/dangerous behaviors from remote cameras. Features: provides an in-depth analysis of the state of the art, together with a broad review of the available technologies and their potential applications; discusses potential future developments in the adoption of advanced technologies for the automated or semi-automated analysis of forensic traces; presents a particular focus on the acquisition and processing of data from real-world forensic cases; offers an holistic perspective, integrating work from different research institutions and combining viewpoints from both biometric technologies and forensic science.

In today's security-conscious society, real-world applications for authentication or identification require a highly accurate system for recognizing individual humans. The required level of performance cannot be achieved through the use of a single biometric such as face, fingerprint, ear, iris, palm, gait or speech. Fusing multiple biometrics enables the indexing of large databases, more robust performance and enhanced coverage of populations. Multiple biometrics are also naturally more robust against attacks than single biometrics. This book addresses a broad spectrum of research issues on multibiometrics for human identification, ranging from sensing modes and modalities to fusion of biometric samples and combination of algorithms. It covers publicly available multibiometrics databases, theoretical and empirical studies on sensor fusion techniques in the context of biometrics authentication, identification and performance evaluation and prediction.

The Handbook of Multimodal-Multisensor Interfaces provides the first authoritative resource on what has become the dominant paradigm for new computer interfaces-user input involving new media (speech, multi-touch, hand and body gestures, facial expressions, writing) embedded in multimodal-multisensor interfaces. This three-volume handbook is written by international experts and pioneers in the field. It provides a textbook, reference, and technology roadmap for professionals working in this and related areas. This third volume focuses on state-of-the-art multimodal language and dialogue processing, including semantic integration of modalities. The development of increasingly expressive embodied agents and robots has become an active test bed for coordinating multimodal dialogue input and output, including processing of language and nonverbal communication. In addition, major application areas are featured for commercializing multimodal-multisensor systems, including automotive, robotic, manufacturing, machine translation, banking, communications, and others. These systems rely heavily on software tools, data resources, and international standards to facilitate their development. For insights into the future, emerging multimodal-multisensor technology trends are highlighted in medicine, robotics, interaction with smart spaces, and similar areas. Finally, this volume discusses the societal impact of more widespread adoption of these systems, such as privacy risks and how to mitigate them. The handbook chapters provide a number of walk-through examples of system design and processing, information on practical resources for developing and evaluating new systems, and terminology and tutorial support for mastering this emerging field. In the final section of this volume, experts exchange views on a timely and controversial challenge topic, and how they believe multimodal-multisensor interfaces need to be equipped to most effectively advance human performance during the next decade.

The development of technologies for the identi?cation of individuals has driven the interest and curiosity of many people. Spearheaded and inspired by the Bertillon coding system for the classi?cation of humans based on physical measurements, scientists and engineers have been trying to invent new devices and classi?cation systems to capture the human identity from its body measurements. One of the main limitations of the precursors of today’s biometrics, which is still present in the vast majority of the existing biometric systems, has been the need to keep the device in close contact with the subject to capture the biometric measurements. This clearly limits the applicability and convenience of biometric systems. This book presents an important step in addressing this limitation by describing a number of methodologies to capture meaningful biometric information from a distance. Most materials covered in this book have been presented at the International Summer School on Biometrics which is held every year in Alghero, Italy and which has become a ?agship activity of the IAPR Technical Committee on Biometrics (IAPR TC4). The last four chapters of the book are derived from some of the best p- sentations by the participating students of the school. The educational value of this book is also highlighted by the number of proposed exercises and questions which will help the reader to better understand the proposed topics.