Hardball On The Home Front

More than 5000 major and minor league baseball players left the baseball diamond to serve in the military during World War II, but President Roosevelt insisted that baseball still be played to boost the country's morale. More than 400 replacement players made their major league debuts between 1943 and 1945, among them Sal Maglie, Andy Pafko, Red Schoendienst and Stan Musial. The author of this book points out that the true story of wartime baseball rests mostly with the players whose careers were not so well remembered or documented. He highlights nine players--Frank Mancuso, Ford Mullen, Ed Carnett, Lee Pfund, George Hausmann, Cy Buker, Bill Lefebvre, Eddie Basinski, and Nick Strincevich--who took the field while the major leaguers were fighting in the war. They share their memories of being called up to play in the majors, and their feelings about providing much needed and much wanted entertainment to thousands of Americans during the war years.

While most fans know that baseball stars Ted Williams, Hank Greenberg, and Bob Feller served in the military during World War II, few can name the two major leaguers who died in action. (They were catcher Harry O’Neill and outfielder Elmer Gedeon.) Far fewer still are aware that another 125 minor league players also lost their lives during the war. This book draws on extensive research and interviews to bring their personal lives, baseball careers, and wartime service to light.

Dating back to 1869 as an organized professional sport, the game of baseball is not only the oldest professional sport in North America, but also symbolizes much more. Walt Whitman described it as “our game, the American game,” and George Will compared calling baseball “just a game” to the Grand Canyon being “just a hole.” Countless others have called baseball “the most elegant game,” and to those who have played it, it’s life. The Historical Dictionary of Baseball is primarily devoted to the major leagues it also includes entries on the minor leagues, the Negro Leagues, women’s baseball, baseball in various other countries, and other non-major league related topics. It traces baseball, in general, and these topics individually, from their beginnings up to the present. This is done through a chronology, an introductory essay, appendixes, and an extensive bibliography. The dictionary section has over 900 cross-referenced entries on the roles of the players on the field—batters, pitchers, fielders—as well as non-playing personnel—general managers, managers, coaches, and umpires. There are also entries for individual teams and leagues, stadiums and ballparks, the role of the draft and reserve clause, and baseball’s rules, and statistical categories. This book is an excellent access point for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about the sport of baseball.

Is the face of American baseball throughout the world that of goodwill ambassador or ugly American? Has baseball crafted its own image or instead been at the mercy of broader forces shaping our society and the globe? The Empire Strikes Out gives us the sweeping story of how baseball and America are intertwined in the export of “the American way.” From the Civil War to George W. Bush and the Iraq War, we see baseball's role in developing the American empire, first at home and then beyond our shores. And from Albert Spalding and baseball's first World Tour to Bud Selig and the World Baseball Classic, we witness the globalization of America's national pastime and baseball's role in spreading the American dream. Besides describing baseball's frequent and often surprising connections to America's presence around the world, Elias assesses the effects of this relationship both on our foreign policies and on the sport itself and asks whether baseball can play a positive role or rather only reinforce America's dominance around the globe. Like Franklin Foer in How Soccer Explains the World, Elias is driven by compelling stories, unusual events, and unique individuals. His seamless integration of original research and compelling analysis makes this a baseball book that's about more than just sports.

Indiana boasts a rich baseball tradition, with 10 native sons enshrined in Cooperstown. This biographical dictionary provides a close look at the lives of all 364 Hoosier big leaguers, who include New York City’s first baseball superstar; the first rookie pitcher to win three games in a World Series; the man who caught most of Cy Young’s record 511 career wins; one of the game’s first star relievers; the player who held the record for consecutive games played before Lou Gehrig; an obscure infielder mentioned in Charles Schulz’s Peanuts comic strip; baseball’s only one-legged pitcher; Indiana’s first Mr. Basketball, who became one of baseball’s greatest pinch-hitters; the first African American to play for the Cincinnati Reds; the only pitcher to throw a perfect game in the World Series; the skipper of the 1969 “Miracle Mets”; the pitcher for whom a ground-breaking surgical procedure is named; and the only two men to have played in both the World Series and the Final Four of the NCAA Basketball Tournament.

Propounding his "small ball theory" of sports literature, George Plimpton proposed that "the smaller the ball, the more formidable the literature." Of course he had the relatively small baseball in mind, because its literature is formidable--vast and varied, instructive, often wildly entertaining, and occasionally brilliant. From this bewildering array of baseball books, Ron Kaplan has chosen 501 of the best, making it easier for fans to find just the books to suit them (or to know what they're missing). From biography, history, fiction, and instruction to books about ballparks, business, and rules, anyone who loves to read about baseball will find in this book a companionable guide, far more fun than a reference work has any right to be.

In the first half of the twentieth century, the Cincinnati Reds--though only rarely dominant on the field--exerted considerable influence over the world of organized baseball. The creation of the World Series, baseball's first "de facto" commissioner, nighttime baseball beneath the lights, radio broadcasts, and modern groundskeeping--all innovations in major league baseball that can be attributed to the Cincinnati Reds. The 1919 Reds played in one of the most infamous sporting events ever, winning the World Series over the scandal-ridden Chicago "Black Sox." They returned to the Fall Classic in 1939 and 1940 without controversy, winning the championship in "40. This is the era of The Palace of the Fans and Crosley Field, of a 15-year-old pitcher turned Cincinnati legend, and of Hall of Famers Ed Roush, Eppa Rixey, and Ernie Lombardi.

This is a book about baseball’s true “replacement players.” During the four seasons the U.S. was at war in World War II (1942-1945), 533 players made their major-league debuts. There were 67 first-time major leaguers under the age of 21 (Joe Nuxhall the youngest at 15 in 1944). More than 60 percent of the players in the 1941 Opening Day lineups departed for the service. The 1944 Dodgers had only Dixie Walker and Mickey Owen as the two regulars from their 1941 pennant-winning team. The owners brought in not only first-timers but also many oldsters. Hod Lisenbee pitched 80 innings for the Reds in 1945 at the age of 46. He had last pitched in the major leagues in 1936. War veteran and former POW Bert Shepard, with an artificial leg, pitched in one game for the 1945 Senators, and one-armed outfielder Pete Gray played for the St. Louis Browns. The war years featured firsts and lasts. The St. Louis Browns won their first (and last) pennant in 1944 — a feat made more amazing by the fact that they had not finished in the first division since 1929. The 1944 team featured 13 players classified as 4-F. The Chicago Cubs appeared in the 1945 World Series but have not made it back since. Some 53 members of the Society for American Baseball Research (SABR) have contributed to this volume. We invite you to sit back and relax as you learn Who's on First? Includes contributions by: Alan Cohen, Ashlie Christian And Armand Peterson, Bill Nowlin, Bob Brady, Bob Lemoine, Bob Mayer, Bob Webster, Charles Faber, Charlie Weatherby, Chris Rainey, Cort Vitty, David Finoli, David M. Jordan, David Raglin And Barb Mantegani, David W. Pugh, Don Zminda, Duke Goldman, Greg Erion, Gregg Omoth, Gregory H. Wolf, J. G. Preston, James D. Smith, Iii, Jay Hurd, Jeff Marlett, Jeff Obermeyer, Jim Sweetman, Joanne Hulbert, John Shannahan, Leslie Heaphy, Lyle Spatz, Marc Lancaster, Marc Z Aaron, Mark S. Sternman, Mel Marmer, Merrie A. Fidler, Michael Huber, Michael Huber And Rachel Hamelers, Mike Mcclary, Peter C. Bjarkman, Rex Hamann, Rich Bogovich, Richard Cuicchi, Richard Moraski, Rory Costello And Lou Hernández, Seamus Kearney, Sidney Davis, Steve Smith, Thomas Ayers, Tom Hawthorn, Walter Leconte Table of Contents: Introduction MARC Z AARON The Business of Baseball During World War II JEFF OBERMEYER “But Where is Pearl Harbor?” Baseball and the Day the World Changed, December 7, 1941 BOB LEMOINE The Tri-Cornered War Bond Baseball Game MICHAEL HUBER AND RACHEL HAMELERS NATIONAL LEAGUE Boston Braves How the Boston Braves Survived the War But Lost the Battle for Boston BOB BRADY Ben Cardoni BY MARK S. STERNMAN Buck Etchison BY ALAN COHEN Butch Nieman BY SIDNEY DAVIS Mystery Member of the ‘45 Braves BOB BRADY Brooklyn Dodgers The Brooklyn Dodgers in Wartime MICHAEL HUBER John “Fats” D’Antonio RICHARD CUICCHI Bill Hart BOB LEMOINE Lee Pfund BOB WEBSTER Chicago Cubs The Cubs in Wartime THOMAS AYERS Jorge Comellas RICH BOGOVICH Billy Holm BILL NOWLIN Walter Signer GREGORY H. WOLF Cincinnati Reds The Cincinnati Reds During World War II JAY HURD Tomás de la Cruz PETER C. BJARKMAN Buck Fausett J. G. PRESTON Dick Sipek CHARLES FABER New York Giants The New York Giants in Wartime BOB MAYER Al Gardella CHARLIE WEATHERBY Frank Seward JEFF MARLETT Roy Zimmerman JOANNE HULBERT Philadelphia Phillies The Phillies in Wartime SEAMUS KEARNEY Chet Covington STEVE SMITH Hilly Flitcraft JIM SWEETMAN Lee Riley MEL MARMER Pittsburgh Pirates The Pirates in Wartime DAVID FINOLI Xavier Rescigno DAVID FINOLI Len Gilmore DAVID FINOLI Frankie Zak DAVID FINOLI St. Louis Cardinals The Cardinals in Wartime GREGORY H. WOLF Jack Creel GREGORY H. WOLF Gene Crumling GREGORY H. WOLF Bob Keely GREGORY H. WOLF AMERICAN LEAGUE Boston Red Sox The Red Sox in Wartime BILL NOWLIN Otey Clark BILL NOWLIN Ty LaForest BILL NOWLIN Stan Partenheimer JOHN SHANNAHAN The Frostbite League: Spring Training 1943 - 1945 BILL NOWLIN The 1944 Red Sox: What Could Have Been DUKE GOLDMAN Chicago White Sox The White Sox in Wartime DON ZMINDA Vince Castino DAVID RAGLIN AND BARB MANTEGANI Guy Curtright DON ZMINDA Floyd Speer REX HAMANN Cleveland Indians World War II and the Cleveland Indians DAVID W. PUGH Otto Denning CHRIS RAINEY Jim McDonnell ASHLIE CHRISTIAN AND ARMAND PETERSON Mickey Rocco GREGG OMOTH Detroit Tigers The Tigers in Wartime MIKE MCCLARY Chuck Hostetler MARC LANCASTER Bobby Maier MARC LANCASTER Charlie Metro TOM HAWTHORN New York Yankees The Yankees in Wartime MARC Z AARON Joe Buzas MARC Z AARON Mike Garbark MARC Z AARON Bud Metheny MARC Z AARON Philadelphia Athletics The Wartime Philadelphia Athletics DAVID M. JORDAN Orie Arntzen GREGORY H. WOLF Jim Tyack ALAN COHEN Woody Wheaton ALAN COHEN St. Louis Browns The St. Louis Browns in World War II GREG ERION Milt Byrnes GREG ERION Charley Fuchs GREG ERION Pete Gray MEL MARMER Washington Senators The Washington Senators in Wartime RICHARD MORASKI Ed Butka CORT VITTY Jug Thesenga BOB LEMOINE Tony Zardón RORY COSTELLO AND LOU HERNÁNDEZ Senators Who Died in Combat RICHARD MORASKI OTHER ESSAYS The All-Star Games in the War Years LYLE SPATZ Wartime Baseball: Minor Leagues, Major Changes (San Diego to Buffalo) JAMES D. SMITH, III Impact of WWII on the Negro Leagues LESLIE HEAPHY Baseball’s Women on the Field During WWII MERRIE A. FIDLER In-season Exhibition Games During Wartime WALTER LECONTE The Double Victory Campaign and the Campaign to Integrate Baseball DUKE GOLDMAN