Health Implications Of Perchlorate Ingestion
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Health Implications of Perchlorate Ingestion
Author | : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee to Assess the Health Implications of Perchlorate Ingestion |
Publsiher | : National Academies Press |
Total Pages | : 276 |
Release | : 2005-04-18 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 9780309181358 |
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Perchlorateâ€"a powerful oxidant used in solid rocket fuels by the military and aerospace industryâ€"has been detected in public drinking water supplies of over 11 million people at concentrations of at least 4 parts per billion (ppb). High doses of perchlorate can decrease thyroid hormone production by inhibiting the uptake of iodide by the thyroid. Thyroid hormones are critical for normal growth and development of the central nervous system of fetuses and infants. This report evaluates the potential health effects of perchlorate and the scientific underpinnings of the 2002 draft risk assessment issued by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The report finds that the body can compensate for iodide deficiency, and that iodide uptake would likely have to be reduced by at least 75% for months or longer for adverse health effects, such as hypothryroidism, to occur. The report recommends using clinical studies of iodide uptake in humans as the basis for determining a reference dose rather than using studies of adverse health effects in rats that serve as EPA's basis. The report suggests that daily ingestion of 0.0007 milligrams of perchlorate per kilograms of body weightâ€"an amount more than 20 times the reference dose proposed by EPAâ€"should not threaten the health of even the most sensitive populations.
Perchlorate
Author | : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Subcommittee on Environment and Hazardous Materials |
Publsiher | : Unknown |
Total Pages | : 280 |
Release | : 2008 |
Genre | : Medical |
ISBN | : STANFORD:36105050479794 |
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Ecotoxicology Ecological Risk Assessment and Multiple Stressors
Author | : Gerassimos Arapis,Nadezhda Goncharova,Philippe Baveye |
Publsiher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
Total Pages | : 376 |
Release | : 2006-01-12 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 9781402044748 |
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The science of ecotoxicology and the practice of ecological risk assessment are evolving rapidly. Ecotoxicology as a subject area came into prominence in the 1960s after the publication of Rachel Carson's book on the impact of pesticides on the environment. The rise of public and scientific concern for the effects of chemical pollutants on the environment in the 1960s and 1970s led to the development of the discipline of ecotoxicology, a science that takes into account the effects of chemicals in the context of ecology. Until the early 1980s, in spite of public concern and interest among scientists, the assessment of ecological risks associated with natural or synthetic pollutants was not considered a priority issue by most government. However, as the years passed, a better understanding of the importance of ecotoxicology emerged and with it, in some countries, the progressive formalization of an ecological risk assessment process. Ecological risk assessment is a conceptual tool for organizing and analyzing data and information to evaluate the likelihood that one or more stressors are causing or will cause adverse ecological effects. Ecological risk assessment allows risk managers to consider available scientific information when selecting a course of action, in addition to other factors that may affect their decision (e. g. , social, legal, political, or economic). Ecological risk assessment includes three phases (problem formulation, analysis, and risk characterization).
Perchlorate in the Environment
Author | : Edward Todd Urbansky |
Publsiher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
Total Pages | : 299 |
Release | : 2012-12-06 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 9781461543039 |
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Based on a symposium sponsored by the Environmental Division of the American Chemical Society, Perchlorate in the Environment is the first comprehensive book to address perchlorate as a potable water contaminant. The two main topics are: analytical chemistry (focusing on ion chromatography and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry), and treatment or remediation. Also included are topics such as ion exchange, phytoremediation, bacterial reduction of perchlorate, bioreactors, and in situ bioremediation. To provide complete coverage, background chapters on fundamental chemistry, toxicology, and reulatory issues are also included. The authors are environmental consultants, government researchers, industry experts, and university professors from a wide array of disciplines.
In Situ Bioremediation of Perchlorate in Groundwater
Author | : Hans F. Stroo,C. Herb Ward |
Publsiher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
Total Pages | : 281 |
Release | : 2008-12-02 |
Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
ISBN | : 9780387849218 |
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In the late 1970s and early 1980s, our nation began to grapple with the legacy of past disposal practices for toxic chemicals. With the passage in 1980 of the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA), commonly known as Superfund, it became the law of the land to remediate these sites. The U. S. Department of Defense (DoD), the nation’s largest industrial organization, also recognized that it too had a legacy of contaminated sites. Historic operations at Army, Navy, Air Force, and Marine Corps facilities, ranges, manufacturing sites, shipyards, and depots had resulted in widespread contamination of soil, groundwater, and sediment. While Superfund began in 1980 to focus on remediation of heavily contaminated sites largely abandoned or neglected by the private sector, the DoD had already initiated its Installation Restoration Program in the mid 1970s. In 1984, the DoD began the Defense Environmental Restoration Program (DERP) for contaminated site assessment and remediation. Two years later, the U. S. Congress codified the DERP and directed the Secretary of Defense to carry out a concurrent program of research, development, and demonstration of innovative remediation technologies. As chronicled in the 1994 National Research Council report, “Ranking Hazardous-Waste Sites for Remedial Action”, our early estimates on the cost and suitability of existing technologies for cleaning up contaminated sites were wildly optimistic. Original estimates, in 1980, projected an average Superfund cleanup cost of a mere $3.
Toxicological Profile for Perchlorates
Author | : Anonim |
Publsiher | : Unknown |
Total Pages | : 278 |
Release | : 2005 |
Genre | : Perchloric acid |
ISBN | : UCBK:C086894644 |
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Perchlorate
Author | : Kathleen Sellers,Katherine Weeks,William R. Alsop,Stephen R. Clough,Marilyn Hoyt,Barbara Pugh,Joseph Robb |
Publsiher | : CRC Press |
Total Pages | : 226 |
Release | : 2006-08-30 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 9781482275124 |
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The development of analytical methods for identifying widespread perchlorate contamination brought about an explosion of research into the environmental problems and their potential solutions along with a corresponding increase in the availability of information. Unlike reference works that focus on only a few aspects of this contaminant, Perchlora
Ballistic Missile Defense System BMDS
Author | : Anonim |
Publsiher | : Unknown |
Total Pages | : 578 |
Release | : 2007 |
Genre | : Electronic Book |
ISBN | : NWU:35556036793040 |
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