How Did The White God Come To Mexico Ce Acatl Topiltzin Quetzalcoatl

Most American schoolbooks claim that the Aztec ruler Moctezuma II confused the Spanish conquistador Hernán Cortés for the Aztec god Quetzalcoatl, a fabulous, fair-skinned priest king of ancient times who had promised to return, which is why Moctezuma voluntarily surrendered his mighty empire. In the past, the tale of Quetzalcoatl has inspired many people to speculate about pre-Columbian invaders from the Old World. It has also been abused as another presumed proof of white supremacy. Indigenous traditions, however, saw a Mexican Messiah who played an important part in constructing the Mexican national identity. This book demonstrates that the story of the returning god is a product of “fake news” uttered by Cortés. It does so by analysing the most important sources of the Quetzalcoatl-tale. A systematic context-enlargement that also includes ethnographic information and contemporary history reveals why and how Cortés constructed this story, and why and how the Aztec elite adopted it. This method proves to be an epistemological tool which allows researchers to identify pre-Hispanic information in ethnohistorical texts of colonial times. As a result, the true Quetzalcoatl behind the legend comes to light.

Stop looking for the Book of Mormon in Mesoamerica and start looking for Mesoamerica in the Book of Mormon! Second Witness, a new six-volume series from Greg Kofford Books, takes a detailed, verse-by-verse look at the Book of Mormon. It marshals the best of modern scholarship and new insights into a consistent picture of the Book of Mormon as a historical document. Taking a faithful but scholarly approach to the text and reading it through the insights of linguistics, anthropology, and ethnohistory, the commentary approaches the text from a variety of perspectives: how it was created, how it relates to history and culture, and what religious insights it provides. The commentary accepts the best modern scholarship, which focuses on a particular region of Mesoamerica as the most plausible location for the Book of Mormon’s setting. For the first time, that location—its peoples, cultures, and historical trends—are used as the backdrop for reading the text. The historical background is not presented as proof, but rather as an explanatory context. The commentary does not forget Mormon’s purpose in writing. It discusses the doctrinal and theological aspects of the text and highlights the way in which Mormon created it to meet his goal of “convincing . . . the Jew and Gentile that Jesus is the Christ, the Eternal God.”

World History: A Concise Thematic Analysis presents the highly anticipated second edition of the most affordable and accessible survey of world history designed for use at the college level. An engaging narrative that contextualizes history and does not drown students in a sea of facts Offers a comparative analysis of the great civilizations of Eurasia, Africa, and the Americas Addresses themes of population dynamics, food production challenges, disease history, warfare, and other major issues for civilizations Features new interior design and organization to enhance user experience Instructor’s test bank available online at www.wiley.com/go/wallech

This book deals with the modern, northern half of the Isthmus, its social struggles and its varied problems in adapting a backward region to the need and ways of industrial civilization. It presents a view of the modern Isthmus Zapotecs, living around Juchitan and Tehuantepec.

Around 1542, descendants of the Aztec rulers of Mexico created accounts of the pre-Hispanic history of the city of Tetzcoco, Mexico, one of the imperial capitals of the Aztec Empire. Painted in iconic script ("picture writing"), the Codex Xolotl, the Quinatzin Map, and the Tlohtzin Map appear to retain and emphasize both pre-Hispanic content and also pre-Hispanic form, despite being produced almost a generation after the Aztecs surrendered to Hernán Cortés in 1521. Yet, as this pioneering study makes plain, the reality is far more complex. Eduardo de J. Douglas offers a detailed critical analysis and historical contextualization of the manuscripts to argue that colonial economic, political, and social concerns affected both the content of the three Tetzcocan pictorial histories and their archaizing pictorial form. As documents composed by indigenous people to assert their standing as legitimate heirs of the Aztec rulers as well as loyal subjects of the Spanish Crown and good Catholics, the Tetzcocan manuscripts qualify as subtle yet shrewd negotiations between indigenous and Spanish systems of signification and between indigenous and Spanish concepts of real property and political rights. By reading the Tetzcocan manuscripts as calculated responses to the changes and challenges posed by Spanish colonization and Christian evangelization, Douglas's study significantly contributes to and expands upon the scholarship on central Mexican manuscript painting and recent critical investigations of art and political ideology in colonial Latin America.

Silver Quetzal It is said that centuries ago, in what would come to be Tula, Hidalgo, lived a very fortunate tribe, for they were ruled by a man who adored his people more than anyone. Ce Acatl Topiltzin Quetzalcoatl was known as a brave warrior, a devoted priest, a dedicated ruler; some even assured he was a god. Until the day Tezcatlipoca, moved by envy towards that man who seemed to have it all, and the people who followed him with such fealty, crafted a plan to get rid of him. A plan that was successful, for Quetzalcoatl vanished without a trace, his followers falling into disgrace some time later. But according to legend that shall not be the end, one day Quetzalcoatl will return, as a white, bearded male who will arrive from the East, and he will give back to his people all they lost so long ago. And he won't be alone, he'll have by his side those who've been the most faithful, and especially, she who has always loved him... his beautiful flower, his Xochiquetzal. In the present, the world has forgotten so much of what once was considered history, relegating it to little more than stories and old wives' tales. Even she who carries the power in her blood is ignorant of her reality, her fate, though that will not keep her from coming face to face with it. Because the time has come. Quetzalcoatl shall come back to fulfill all his promises, but Tezcatlipoca isn't the kind to easily accept defeat. In this millennial war, victory will require more than strength of arms, it will be about the strength of the spirit, will, and an acceptance of everything that makes a person, not just in body, but in mind and soul.

The most expansive one-volume history of the native peoples of North America ever published.

Describes daily life in the Aztec world, including coverage of geography, foods, trades, arts, games, wars, political systems, class structure, religious practices, trading networks, writings, architecture and science.