Industrial Fatigue In Its Relation To Maximum Output Classic Reprint

Excerpt from Industrial Fatigue in Its Relation to Maximum Output Except in a few cases, workshop organisation here has not received the attention given it in America and Germany. There are still shops without definite planning of the progress of the work, without adequate equipment of jigs and gauges, and without standard shapes of tools or a tool-room where men drift about in search of tools and tackle, or wait in idle ness for drawings or materials; where machinery is obsolete and light so bad that good work could not be done if the machinery were up - to-date. Such shops must go. They cannot compete in price or quality of work with those in which what is known as scientific management, or anything approaching it, prevails; where the progress of every job is planned to the last detail before it is sent into the works; where machinery is so arranged that each piece passes through the whole series of operations to be performed on its pre determined order and without pause, and is immediately succeeded by another piece to undergo the same cycle of Operations; where labourers and tackle for fixing the work are ready the moment they are wanted; where drawings, gauges and tools properly ground to standard shapes come with the work; where cleanliness, light and comfort reign and where endeavour is made to get the workman to regard his work more as a problem to be solved than a task to be got through. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

First published in 1921, Industrial Fatigue and Efficiency aims to provide a fairly complete overview of industrial fatigue and its influence on efficiency. It brings crucial themes like fatigue and its measurement; output in relation to weekly hours of work; output and hours of work in various industries; the six- hours day and multiple shifts; work spells and rest periods; limitation of output; lost time and its causation; sickness and mortality; industrial accidents and their causation; the prevention of industrial accidents; and adoption of healthy factory conditions, to showcase the importance of adequate lighting, heating and ventilation, washing facilities, cloak rooms, ambulance room and a well found canteen as basic requirements in factories. This book is an important historical document for scholars and researchers of labour studies, labour economics, industrial studies, and political economy.

Excerpt from Industrial Fatigue and Efficiency It will be noted that during the first 2 hours of the first spell of work the output went up, the increment amounting to 8 per cent. In the second spell there was a smaller rise of output during the first 325 hours, and it is found that a Similar rise of output is exhibited in the majority of hourly output curves. Its causation is described in the next section. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Excerpt from Second Interim Report on an Investigation of Industrial Fatigue by Physiological Methods Further, a lengthened period, caused by the abolition of rest-intervals, a lengthened day, caused by the introduction of overtime, and a lengthened week, caused by an interference with the week - end rest, will lead to a still more rapid production of fatigue and a still less perfect recovery. Even the distribution of the overtime days will affect the result. Since the condition of the worker and his efficiency depend upon these factors, the question of the proper length of period, day, and week. And of the proper distribution of overtime, is one which merits the closest attention. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

This historic book may have numerous typos and missing text. Purchasers can usually download a free scanned copy of the original book (without typos) from the publisher. Not indexed. Not illustrated. 1921 edition. Excerpt: ...the law of frequency of error, though it has since been shown by Karl Pearson and others that there is often a slight degree of asymmetry in the distribution. Other qualities 1 6f. British Association Report, 1863. 'Galton. "Natural Inheritance." London, 1889. such as intelligence and manual skill are likewise distributed according to the laws of chance. Hence we are able to formulate the following rules for our guidance in respect to the output of industrial workers. 25 p 1 1 1 1--WEIGHT IN POUNDS fv r.2f-Variation in weight. (1) In a group of experienced industrial workers, all of whom are doing their best, it will inevitably be found that there are distinct variations in skill, and in magnitude of output. (2) If a large number of (hourly) output values are sorted out, according to their magnitude, it will be found that the highest and the lowest values occur infrequently, the moderately high and moderately low values occur with moderate frequency, and the medium values occur with considerable frequency. (3) Any substantial departure from this distribution of output values is due to some limitation of output. Such limitation may be of mechanical origin, but it is usually due to the volition of the workers, i.e., it is an intentional limitation. These rules form the basis of the method I have suggested1 for testing the presence or absence of intentional limitation of output in industrial workers. Output Free From Limitation I have applied the frequency curve method to a large number of output data, and I will first describe some of the results which show no indication of any intentional restriction of output. My first example relates to the output of 264 experienced, drillers (i.e., journeymen) at a large shipyard. The...

Excerpt from Fatigue and Efficiency: A Study in Industry I have related in Part I, from the lay point of View, a variety of technical matters, physiological, economic, and legal. In the desire to cite concrete particulars in support of all general or abstract statements, much space has been given to illustrations from contemporary industrial life. And Since these matters are for the most part still contro versial, effort has been made to give, in the footnotes, the confirming documentary authorities. Wherever it has been necessary to choose between public or private research in describing facts, preference has been shown to the reports of government investigation, since they are usually held to be the more impersonal records. I have endeavored throughout to steer a middle course between the technical and the popular, aiming to pursue the technical arguments only so far as they are essential for serious discussion, without involving the reader in technical intricacies needed only by the specialist. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Excerpt from Hours of Work as Related to Output and Health of Workers: Metal Manufacturing Industries; Research Report Number 18; July, 1919 This study of the hours-of-work problem in the metal manufacturing industries was conducted with the same general purpose as the Board's earlier studies of the cotton,1 boot and shoe,2 wool,3 and silk4 manufacturing industries, viz. To assemble the results of actual experience with reductions in hours of work as reflected in output and in the health of workers. The present report includes the metal trades proper, foundries, automobile, hardware, electrical equipment, and some miscellaneous establishments. Because of the large number of metal trades establish ments which have in recent years made substantial reductions in work schedules, interest now centers in experience with a 50-hour and a 48-hour week. Analysis of the evidence submitted by establishments working on these schedules indicates that a universal reduction to a 50-hour week in the metal manufacturing industries would involve a loss in output; nevertheless, the number of establishments maintaining production with such a schedule is sufficiently large to indicate that a 50 - hour week could be rather generally introduced Without seriously curtailing production. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.