Inflammatory Pathways In Diabetes

This book discusses recent advances in new anti- and pro-inflammatory pathways in diabetic disease, and identifies new diagnostic immunological methods that offer potential companion diagnostics for diabetic diseases. New methods in proteomics, mass spectroscopy, immunological assay design, measurement of cellular signal transduction and protease inhibition are used to clarify new biochemical pathways. Biomarker validation in animal models and correlations in humans for diagnostic clinical trials shed new light on the impact of diabetic diseases. The book reviews current understanding of inflammatory pathways in the pathophysiology of insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, nephritis and other diabetic inflammatory conditions, and is the first to describe the impact of novel adipokines, protease inhibitors and complement markers. By presenting new methodologies for biomarker discovery, it provides a valuable resource for researchers studying clinical diagnosis, drug development, bio-analytical chemistry, proteomics and biochemistry. It is also useful for those conducting clinical and biological studies for targeted drug development. The methodologies and approaches can be applied to other markers, and the information will be helpful in the preparation of research grant applications.

This book discusses recent advances in new anti- and pro-inflammatory pathways in diabetic disease, and identifies new diagnostic immunological methods that offer potential companion diagnostics for diabetic diseases. New methods in proteomics, mass spectroscopy, immunological assay design, measurement of cellular signal transduction and protease inhibition are used to clarify new biochemical pathways. Biomarker validation in animal models and correlations in humans for diagnostic clinical trials shed new light on the impact of diabetic diseases. The book reviews current understanding of inflammatory pathways in the pathophysiology of insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, nephritis and other diabetic inflammatory conditions, and is the first to describe the impact of novel adipokines, protease inhibitors and complement markers. By presenting new methodologies for biomarker discovery, it provides a valuable resource for researchers studying clinical diagnosis, drug development, bio-analytical chemistry, proteomics and biochemistry. It is also useful for those conducting clinical and biological studies for targeted drug development. The methodologies and approaches can be applied to other markers, and the information will be helpful in the preparation of research grant applications.

Obesity is a worldwide epidemic that affects half a billion people. It has been estimated that, if current trends continue, by 2050, 60% of men and 50% of women worldwide will be obese. Hypertrophy and hyperplasia of white adipose tissue caused by overweight and obesity lead to a chronic inflammatory state, which results in impaired insulin sensitivity and the development of diabetes. Currently, the number of people affected by diabetes globally exceeds 400 million (rising more rapidly in low- and middle-income countries). In 2019, diabetes was the ninth leading cause of mortality, with an estimated 1.5 million direct deaths. This book provides a comprehensive overview of the relationship between inflammation, obesity, and diabetes. It focuses on the pathogenesis and biological mechanisms of obesity, the interaction between adipose tissue and the immune system, the role of genetic and environmental factors, the progression of cardiovascular complications, and the association of obesity and inflammation with type 1 and type 2 diabetes, as well as gestational diabetes. This volume also includes practical recommendations for preventing and managing these conditions using both lifestyle modifications and pharmacological interventions. Written by experts in the field, Obesity, Diabetes and Inflammation: Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Management addresses the role of inflammation in both obesity and diabetes, its effect on vascular and non-vascular pathologies, oxidative stress, genetics, and epigenetics. This text aims to be a valuable resource for researchers, clinicians, and students of medicine at all levels.

This publication is a record of some of the outstanding presentations given at the 63rd Annual Meeting of the Japanese Society for Dialysis Therapy (JSDT). The meeting was held in Kobe in 2018, celebrating the 50-year anniversary of the founding of the JSDT as a voluntary academic association. Therapy for end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) now faces vital issues besides the management of renal anemia and chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder and the selection of the optimal treatment modality for each patient. These issues include the increasing incidence of malnutrition and frailty in the elderly, fragile vascular access, and the balance between medical costs and budgets. Expert members of the JSDT present 15 articles that address these issues. This book serves to promote further progress in understanding the pathogenesis of complications associated with ESKD and providing optimal therapy for patients.

Immune response and metabolic regulation are highly integrated and this interface maintains a central homeostatic system, dysfunction of which can cause obesity-associated metabolic disorder such as type 2 diabetes, fatty liver disease and cardiovascular disease. Insulin resistance is an underlying basis for the pathogenesis of these metabolic diseases. Overnutrition or obesity activates the innate immune system with subsequent recruitment of immune cells such as macrophages and T cells, which contributes to the development of insulin resistance. In particular, a significant advance in our understanding of obesity-associated inflammation and insulin resistance has been recognition of the critical role of adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs). ATMs are a prominent source of proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-a and IL-6, that can block insulin action in adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and liver autocrine/paracrine signaling and cause systemic insulin resistance via endocrine signaling, providing a potential link between inflammation and insulin resistance. All articles in this topic highlight the interconnection between obesity, inflammation, and insulin resistance in all its diversity to the mechanisms of obesity-induced inflammation and role of immune system in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and diabetes.

During the last years the understanding for the aetiology of cardiomyopathies could be greatly improved. A great deal of information has accumulated in the field of inherited metabolic diseases, which provides a new basis for our understanding of many heart muscle problems and their corresponding clinical disease entities. This book is meant to give the reader a comprehensive overview of the cardiological manifestations of inborn errors of metabolism. Latest information, such as cardiomyopathy in Fabry disease or in patients with CDG-syndrome is included. It should be helpful, not only to cardiologists, paediatricians, internists and general practicioners, but also to all those interested in a better understanding of the metabolic basis of clinical disease entities.

This book disseminates the cutting-edge knowledge pertaining to nutritional signaling activities in obesity and diabetes, including the regulatory mechanisms and perspectives of nutritional interventions for disease prevention.