Interactions Of Bone With Orthopedic Implants And Possible Failures

Interactions of Bone with Orthopedic Implants and Possible Failures focuses on the mechanical and biological issues that may cause failure of the implant-bone construct. The book provides discussions on the effects of the design, process, surface and other engineering parameters of implants and their interaction with bone tissue. For implant designers, it is highly crucial to know the final effects of what they are designing or aiming to design, along with performance parameters. It is also crucial for orthopedic surgeons to be familiar with the background of the design and process parameters of the implant they will insert in a patient’s body. With the understanding brought forth in this book, surgeons can have better implant options and implant designers can create and develop new implant designs. This book can also help biomechanical and mechanical engineers who are normally dealing with testing and analysis of orthopedic implants examine the biomechanical behavior of the implants and their interaction with bone tissue. Explains interactions, along with possible complications of trauma, joint and spinal implants, and failures of the implant and bone tissue Focuses on issues such as bone loss, defects and resorption at the bone and implant interface Includes case studies of implant failures and discusses the mechanical and biological reasons that would cause failure of bone and implant integration

Osseointegration of Orthopaedic Implants helps product developers at orthopedic implant manufacturers enhance the effectiveness of orthopedic implants and reduce complications, particularly in patients with osteoporotic bones. The book's expert contributors provide cutting-edge information on the latest technologies and advances available. Biomaterial researchers can use the book for basic data in the further development of orthopedic implant materials with better osseointegration. Biomechanical researchers can review related challenges and concepts of osseointegration for use in the development of implants. The book is suitable for readers from academia and industry, bridging the knowledge gap between academic based researchers, industrial based engineers, and clinical based surgeons. Reviews and discusses all aspects of orthopedic implant osseointegration Provides conceptual implants for bone fracture fixation and joint replacement Offers novel ideas for the development of orthopedic implants with superior osseointegration

The must-have book for candidates preparing for the oral component of the FRCS (Tr and Orth).

Aseptic loosening is the main cause of failure of orthopedic prostheses. With no pharmaceuticals to prevent or mitigate periprosthetic bone degradation, a surgery to replace the loose implant with a new one is the only choice to restore patients’ function. Most studies on mechanisms for aseptic loosening investigate wear debris particle-induced osteolysis. However, pathological loading conditions around unstable implants can also trigger osteoclast differentiation and bone loss. In the first study, global gene expression changes induced by mechanical instability of implants, and by titanium particles were compared in a validated rat model for aseptic loosening. Microarray analysis showed that similar signaling pathways and gene expression patterns are involved in particle- and instability-induced periprosthetic osteolysis with an early onset innate immune response as a hallmark of osteolysis induced by mechanical instability. Further, effects of potential therapeutics on restriction of excessive osteoclast differentiation were evaluated. Wnt signaling pathway is known to regulate bone remodeling. In the second study, effects of inactivation of glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK-3?), a negative regulator of canonical Wnt signaling, on instability-induced periprosthetic osteolysis were examined using our rat model for aseptic loosening. Inhibition of GSK-3? led to a decrease in osteoclast numbers in the periprosthetic bone tissue exposed to mechanical instability while osteoblast perimeter showed an increase. This was accompanied by higher bone volume fraction (BV/TV) in animals treated with the GSK-3? inhibitor. In the third study, potential beneficial effects of two selective inhibitors of cyclindependent kinase 8/19 (CDK8/19) on bone tissue were evaluated. CDK8/19 is a Mediator complex-associated transcriptional regulator involved in several signaling pathways. CDK8/19 inhibitors, mainly under investigation as treatments for tumors, are reported to enhance osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. We show in this study, for the first time, that inhibition of CDK8/19 led to marked suppression of osteoclast differentiation from bone marrow macrophages in vitro through disruption of the RANK signaling. In mouse primary osteoblasts downregulation of osteopontin mRNA, a negative regulator of mineralization, together with increased alkaline phosphatase activity and calcium deposition indicated that osteoblast mineralization was promoted by CDK8/19 inhibition. Moreover, local administration of a CDK8/19 inhibitor promoted cancellous bone regeneration in a rat model for bone healing. These studies contribute to better understanding of mechanisms behind mechanical instability-induced periprosthetic osteolysis and propose potential therapeutics to restrict bone loss with effects on both osteoclasts and osteoblasts.

Bone Response to Dental Implant Materials examines the oral environment and the challenges associated with dental biomaterials. Understanding different in vivo and in vitro responses is essential for engineers to successfully design and tailor implant materials which will withstand the different challenges of this unique environment. This comprehensive book reviews the fundamentals of bone responses in a variety of implant materials and presents strategies to tailor and control them. Presents a specific focus on the development and use of biomaterials in the oral environment Discusses the basic science of the dental interface and its clinical applications Contains important coverage on the monitoring and analysis of the dental implant interface

The book contains six chapters and covers topics dealing with biomedical applications of titanium alloys, surface treatment, relationships between microstructure and mechanical and technological properties, and the effect of radiation on the structure of the titanium alloys.

Engineered Nanostructures for Therapeutics and Biomedical Applications offers a single reference for a diverse biomedical readership to learn about the application of nanotechnology in biomedicine and biomedical engineering, from past developments to current research and future prospects. This book sets out a broad selection of biomedical and therapeutic applications for nanostructures, including bioimaging, nanorobotics, orthopedics, and tissue engineering, offering a useful, multidisciplinary approach. Each chapter discusses challenges faced in each discipline, including limiting factors, biocompatibility, and toxicity, thus enabling the reader to make informed decisions in their research.This book is a comprehensive, broad overview of the role and significance of nanomaterials and their composites that also includes discussions of key aspects in the field of biomedicine. It will be of significant interest to academics and researchers in materials science and engineering, biomedicine and biomedical engineering, chemical engineering, pharmaceutics, bioimaging, and nanorobotics. Provides a broad overview of the many applications of nanomaterials and nanotechnology in biomedicine and engineering Offers a multidisciplinary approach that will appeal to a diverse readership, including those in biomedical engineering, materials science, biomedicine, and pharmaceutics Includes challenges faced and limiting factors for each application, allowing readers to make an informed decision when using nanomaterials in their research

This book covers the latest progress in the biology and manufacturing of orthopedic biomaterials, as well as key industry perspectives. Topics covered include the development of biomaterial-based medical products for orthopedic applications, anti-infection technologies for orthopedic implants, additive manufacturing of orthopedic implants, and more. This is an ideal book for graduate students, researchers and professionals working with orthopedic biomaterials and tissue engineering. This book also: Provides an industry perspective on technologies to prevent orthopedic implant related infection Thoroughly covers how to modulate innate inflammatory reactions in the application of orthopedic biomaterials Details the state-of-the-art research on 3D printed porous bone constructs