Introduction To Biomaterials

A practical road map to the key families of biomaterials and their potential applications in clinical therapeutics, Introduction to Biomaterials, Second Edition follows the entire path of development from theory to lab to practical application. It highlights new biocompatibility issues, metrics, and statistics as well as new legislation for intellectual property. Divided into four sections (Biology, Biomechanics, Biomaterials Interactions; Biomaterials Testing, Statistics, Regulatory Considerations, Intellectual Property; Biomaterials Compositions; and Biomaterials Applications), this dramatically revised edition includes both new and revised chapters on cells, tissues, and signaling molecules in wound healing cascades, as well as two revised chapters on standardized materials testing with in vitro and in vivo paradigms consistent with regulatory guidelines. Emphasizing biocompatibility at the biomaterial-host interface, it investigates cell-cell interactions, cell-signaling and the inflammatory and complement cascades, specific interactions of protein-adsorbed materials, and other inherent biological constraints including solid-liquid interfaces, diffusion, and protein types. Unique in its inclusion of the practicalities of biomaterials as an industry, the book also covers the basic principles of statistics, new U.S. FDA information on the biomaterials-biology issues relevant to patent applications, and considerations of intellectual property and patent disclosure. With nine completely new chapters and 24 chapters extensively updated and revised with new accomplishments and contemporary data, this comprehensive introduction discusses 13 important classes of biomaterials, their fundamental and applied research, practical applications, performance properties, synthesis and testing, potential future applications, and commonly matched clinical applications. The authors include extensive references, to create a comprehensive, yet manageable didactic work that is an invaluable desk references and instructional text for undergraduates and working professionals alike.

1. Introduction to bioceramics. 1.1. Bioactive materials. 1.2. References -- 2. Bioactive ceramics : structure, synthesis, and mechanical properties. 2.1. Structure of hydroxyapatite. 2.2. Synthesis of hydroxyapatite powder. 2.3. Mechanical properties of hydroxyapatite. 2.4. Other bioceramics. 2.5. References. 2.6. Problems -- 3. Bioceramic processing. 3.1. Fabrication and mechanical properties of porous bioceramics. 3.2. Coating of bioceramic thick films on bio-inert porous subs. 3.3. Coating on dense substrates. 3.4. Hydroxyapatite coatings for non-hard tissue applications. 3.5. Composites. 3.6. Summary. 3.7. References. 3.8. Problems -- 4. Coating of hydroxyapatite onto inner pore surfaces of the reticulated alumina. 4.1. Hydroxyapatite coating methods and characterization. 4.2. Adhesion of hydroxyapatite film on alumina substrate. 4.3. References. 4.4. Problems -- 5. Properties and characterization of biomaterials. 5.1. Characterization of ceramics. 5.2. Bioactive properties and hard tissue prosthetics. 5.3. Measurements of growth and dissolution of hydroxyapatite ceramics. 5.4. In vitro test conducted in this reasearch. 5.5. Mechanical properties. 5.6. References. 5.7. Problems -- 6. Bioactivity of hydroxyapatite. 6.1. General aspects. 6.2. In vitro testing materials and preparation. 6.3. Characterization of immersion solution. 6.4. Morphology of the reacted surfaces. 6.5. References. 6.6. Problems -- 7. Hydroxyapatite deposition mechanisms. 7.1. Material synthesis and hydroxyapatite coating. 7.2. Mechanisms of bioactivity. 7.3. References. 7.4. Problems -- 8. Biomedical metallic materials. 8.1. Microstructures and processing. 8.2. Corrosion resistance of metals. 8.3. Biological tolerance of metal. 8.4. Stainless steel. 8.5. Cobalt-based alloys. 8.6. Titanium and its alloys. 8.7. TiNi shape memory alloy. 8.8. Summary. 8.9. References. 8.10. Problems -- 9. Polymer basics. 9.1. Classification of polymers. 9.2. Characteristics of polymer. 9.3. Synthesis of polymers. 9.4. References. 9.5. Problems -- 10. Naturally occurring polymer biomaterials. 10.1. General introduction to proteins. 10.2. Collagen. 10.3. Alginate. 10.4. Chitin and chitosan. 10.5. References. 10.6. Problems -- 11. Synthetic non-biodegradable polymers. 11.1. Polyethylene. 11.2. Poly (methyl methacrylate). 11.3. Polyester. 11.4. Polycarbonate. 11.5. Polyamides. 11.6. Polyurethane. 11.7. Pofysulfones. 11.8. Poly (ether ether ketone). 11.9. References. 11.10. Problems -- 12. Synthetic biodegradable polymers. 12.1. Aliphatic polyester. 12.2. Poly (propylene fumarate). 12.3. Polyamino acid. 12.4. References. 12.5. Problems -- 13. Polymer matrix composite biomaterials. 13.1. Fiber reinforced composites. 13.2. Filler reinforced composites. 13.3. Methods to improve the interfacial bonding between phases in composites. 13.4. References. 13.5. Problems -- 14. Biomaterials for tissue engineering. 14.1. General aspects of biomaterials used for tissue engineering. 14.2. Representative biomaterials used for tissue engineering. 14.3. Biomaterial constructs for tissue engineering : scaffolds. 14.4. References. 14.5. Problems -- 15. Cells and biomolecules for tissue engineering. 15.1. Cells for tissue engineering. 15.2. Growth factor delivery in tissue engineering. 15.3. Regulatory matrix proteins. 15.4. References. 15.5. Problems -- 16. Transport and vascularization in tissue engineering. 16.1. Transport in engineered tissue. 16.2. Vascularization. 16.3. References. 16.4. Problems -- 17. Host response to tissue engineered grafts. 17.1. The foreign body response to synthetic components. 17.2. Response to biological components. 17.3. References. 17.4. Problems -- 18. Other important issues and future challenges in tissue engineering. 18.1. Organ replacement and regeneration. 18.2. Organotypic and histiotypic models. 18.3. Mechanotransduction. 18.4. Future challenges. 18.5. References. 18.6. Problems

The complexity of biological systems and the need to design and develop biomedical therapies poses major challenges to professionals in the biomedical disciplines. An Introduction to Biomaterials emphasizes applications of biomaterials for patient care. Containing chapters prepared by leading authorities on key biomaterial types, this book underscores the process of biomaterial design, development directed toward clinical application, and testing that leads to therapies for clinical targets. The authors provide a lucid perspective on the standards available and the logic behind the standards in which biomaterials address clinical needs. This volume includes chapters on consensus standards and regulatory approaches to testing paradigms, followed by an analysis of specific classes of biomaterials. The book closes with sections on clinical topics that integrate materials sciences and patient applications.

A succinct introduction to the field of biomaterials engineering, packed with practical insights.

This book is written for students who want a working knowledge in the field of implant materials. Obviously, the interdisciplinary nature of this subject has been a major obstacle in writing a book of this nature. In writing this book, I have attempted to cover both biological and nonbiological (man-made) materials for obvious reasons. Hence, this book can be divided into three parts-man-made materials, biological materials, and implant materials. The fundamental structure-property relationship is dealt with in the beginning, followed by the biological materials. Implant materials or biomaterials as such are not greatly different from other man-made materials. Therefore, their acceptability in the body is emphasized. In addition, the reasons for a particular implant design and its material selection have been given special attention. An effort is made to convert all the units into SI units although one or 10 two exceptions are made such as A (= 10- m). Also some abbreviations such as vlo (volume %) and wlo (weight %) are used for brevity. To cover the wide range of subjects dealt with in this book, I have used countless original and review articles as well as my own research proposals. A conscientious effort has been made to give credit to the original sources. Credit is given in the captions ofthe illustrations. For the occasional oversight of some tables and figures which could not be traced, the author offers his apologies.

With sixty years of combined experience, the authors of this extensively revised book have learned to emphasize the fundamental materials science, structure-property relationships, and biological responses as a foundation for a wide array of biomaterials applications. This edition includes a new chapter on tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, approximately 1900 references to additional reading, extensive tutorial materials on new developments in spinal implants and fixation techniques and theory. It also offers systematic coverage of orthopedic implants, and expanded treatment of ceramic materials and implants.

Introductory Biomaterials enables undergraduate students in Biomedical, Chemical, Materials and other relevant Engineering disciplines to become familiar with the key concepts of Biomaterials principles: biocompatibility, structure-property-applications relationships, mechanical response of natural tissues, and cellular pathways for tissue-material ingrowth. Written in a clear, concise manner that weds theory with applications, this book helps students to understand the often intricate relationships between materials the implant devices that are made from them, and how the human body reacts to them. The book includes such concepts as requirements for metals, alloys, and ceramic materials to be used in load bearing implants (corrosion concepts, stress shielding, mechanical properties, composition), what properties of polymers impact their use in medicine (leaching and swelling, creep and stress relaxation); the tissue response to biomaterials, concepts related to drug delivery applications (polymer degradation, encapsulation), and tissue engineering (scaffold porosity, diffusion of nutrients, mechanical properties). Begins with structure-properties, followed immediately by their impact on actual biomaterials classes and devices, thus directly relating theory to applications (e.g. polymers to polymeric stents; metals to fracture fixation devices) Explains concepts in a clear, progressive manner, with numerous examples and figures to enhance student learning Covers all key biomaterials classes: metallic, ceramic, polymeric, composite and biological Includes a timely chapter on medical device regulation

The revised edition of the renowned and bestselling title is the most comprehensive single text on all aspects of biomaterials science from principles to applications. Biomaterials Science, fourth edition, provides a balanced, insightful approach to both the learning of the science and technology of biomaterials and acts as the key reference for practitioners who are involved in the applications of materials in medicine.This new edition incorporates key updates to reflect the latest relevant research in the field, particularly in the applications section, which includes the latest in topics such as nanotechnology, robotic implantation, and biomaterials utilized in cancer research detection and therapy. Other additions include regenerative engineering, 3D printing, personalized medicine and organs on a chip. Translation from the lab to commercial products is emphasized with new content dedicated to medical device development, global issues related to translation, and issues of quality assurance and reimbursement. In response to customer feedback, the new edition also features consolidation of redundant material to ensure clarity and focus. Biomaterials Science, 4th edition is an important update to the best-selling text, vital to the biomaterials’ community. The most comprehensive coverage of principles and applications of all classes of biomaterials Edited and contributed by the best-known figures in the biomaterials field today; fully endorsed and supported by the Society for Biomaterials Fully revised and updated to address issues of translation, nanotechnology, additive manufacturing, organs on chip, precision medicine and much more. Online chapter exercises available for most chapters