Introduction To Optical Metrology

Introduction to Optical Metrology examines the theory and practice of various measurement methodologies utilizing the wave nature of light. The book begins by introducing the subject of optics, and then addresses the propagation of laser beams through free space and optical systems. After explaining how a Gaussian beam propagates, how to set up a collimator to get a collimated beam for experimentation, and how to detect and record optical signals, the text: Discusses interferometry, speckle metrology, moiré phenomenon, photoelasticity, and microscopy Describes the different principles used to measure the refractive indices of solids, liquids, and gases Presents methods for measuring curvature, focal length, angle, thickness, velocity, pressure, and length Details techniques for optical testing as well as for making fiber optic- and MEMS-based measurements Depicts a wave propagating in the positive z-direction by ei(ωt – kz), as opposed to ei(kz – ωt) Featuring exercise problems at the end of each chapter, Introduction to Optical Metrology provides an applied understanding of essential optical measurement concepts, techniques, and procedures.

Handbook of Optical Metrology: Principles and Applications begins by discussing key principles and techniques before exploring practical applications of optical metrology. Designed to provide beginners with an introduction to optical metrology without sacrificing academic rigor, this comprehensive text: Covers fundamentals of light sources, lenses, prisms, and mirrors, as well as optoelectronic sensors, optical devices, and optomechanical elements Addresses interferometry, holography, and speckle methods and applications Explains Moiré metrology and the optical heterodyne measurement method Delves into the specifics of diffraction, scattering, polarization, and near-field optics Considers applications for measuring length and size, displacement, straightness and parallelism, flatness, and three-dimensional shapes This new Second Edition is fully revised to reflect the latest developments. It also includes four new chapters—nearly 100 pages—on optical coherence tomography for industrial applications, interference microscopy for surface structure analysis, noncontact dimensional and profile metrology by video measurement, and optical metrology in manufacturing technology.

The accurate measurements of surface topography are becoming important to many applications in both engineering and science. Optical interferometry is considered a preferable technique for featuring accurate 3D surface profiling since it is non-contacting, non-destructive and highly accurate. In combination with computers and other electronic devices, optical interferometry has become faster, more reliable, more convenient and more robust. There is now a wealth of new optical interferometry techniques on the market, or being developed in academia, that can measure surface topography with high precision. Each method has both its strong points and its limitations. This book explains in detail the basics of optical interferometry, their common language, generic features and limitations, and their simulation and uncertainties. Moreover, it provides an introduction to new frontiers in optical interferometry, including terahertz technology and optical frequency combs.

A one-stop, concise guide on determining and measuring thin film thickness by optical methods. This practical book covers the laws of electromagnetic radiation and interaction of light with matter, as well as the theory and practice of thickness measurement, and modern applications. In so doing, it shows the capabilities and opportunities of optical thickness determination and discusses the strengths and weaknesses of measurement devices along with their evaluation methods. Following an introduction to the topic, Chapter 2 presents the basics of the propagation of light and other electromagnetic radiation in space and matter. The main topic of this book, the determination of the thickness of a layer in a layer stack by measuring the spectral reflectance or transmittance, is treated in the following three chapters. The color of thin layers is discussed in chapter 6. Finally, in chapter 7, the author discusses several industrial applications of the layer thickness measurement, including high-reflection and anti-reflection coatings, photolithographic structuring of semiconductors, silicon on insulator, transparent conductive films, oxides and polymers, thin film photovoltaics, and heavily doped silicon. Aimed at industrial and academic researchers, engineers, developers and manufacturers involved in all areas of optical layer and thin optical film measurement and metrology, process control, real-time monitoring, and applications.

The measurement and characterisation of surface topography is crucial to modern manufacturing industry. The control of areal surface structure allows a manufacturer to radically alter the functionality of a part. Examples include structuring to effect fluidics, optics, tribology, aerodynamics and biology. To control such manufacturing methods requires measurement strategies. There is now a large range of new optical techniques on the market, or being developed in academia, that can measure areal surface topography. Each method has its strong points and limitations. The book starts with introductory chapters on optical instruments, their common language, generic features and limitations, and their calibration. Each type of modern optical instrument is described (in a common format) by an expert in the field. The book is intended for both industrial and academic scientists and engineers, and will be useful for undergraduate and postgraduate studies.

New material on computerized optical processes, computerized ray tracing, and the fast Fourier transform, Bibre-Bragg sensors, and temporal phase unwrapping. * New introductory sections to all chapters. * Detailed discussion on lasers and laser principles, including an introduction to radiometry and photometry. * Thorough coverage of the CCD camera.

This new resource explains the principles and applications of today’s digital optical measurement techniques. From start to finish, each chapter provides a concise introduction to the concepts and principles of digital optical metrology, followed by a detailed presentation of their applications. The development of all these topics, including their numerous methods, principles, and applications, has been illustrated using a large number of easy-to-understand figures. This book aims to not only help the reader identify the appropriate techniques in function of the measurement requirements, but also assess modern digital measurement systems.