Kepler S Cosmological Synthesis

The cosmology of Johannes Kepler remains a mystery. On the one hand, Kepler’s speculations on spiritual faculties are seen as the remnants of Renaissance philosophy. On the other, his comparison of the cosmos to a clock summons the mechanical metaphor that shaped modern science. This book explores the inseparable connections between Kepler’s vitalistic views and his more enduring accomplishments in astronomy. The key argument is that Kepler’s ‘celestial biology’ served as a bridge between his revolutionary astronomy and other ‘less scientific’ interests, particularly astrology. Kepler's Cosmological Synthesis sheds new light on one of the foundational figures of the Scientific Revolution. By uncovering a new form of coherence in Kepler’s world picture, it traces the unlikely intersections of mechanism and vitalism that transformed the fabric of the heavens.

In The Astronomer and the Witch, Ulinka Rublack pieces together the tale of this extraordinary episode in Kepler's life, one that takes us to the heart of his changing world.

"The supernova of 1604 marks a major turning point in the cosmological crisis of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Capturing the eyes and imagination of Europe, it ignited an explosion of ideas that forever changed the face of science. Variously interpreted as a comet or star, the new luminary brought together a broad network of scholars who debated the nature of the novelty and its origins in the universe. At the heart of the interdisciplinary discourse was Johannes Kepler, whose book On the New Star (1606) assessed the many disputes of the day. Beginning with several studies about Kepler's book, the authors of the present volume explore the place of Kepler and the 'new star' in early modern culture and religion, and how contemporary debate shaped the course of science down to the present day. Contributors are: (1) Dario Tessicini, (2) Christopher M. Graney, (3) Javier Luna, (4) Patrick J. Boner, (5) Jonathan Regier, (6) Aviva Rothman, (7) Miguel Á. Granada, (8) Pietro Daniel Omodeo, (9) Matteo Cosci, and (10) William P. Blair"--

One of the most significant events in the history of Western civilization was the cosmological revolution of the 16th and 17th centuries. Among the most salient factors in this change, described by Alexandre Koyré as the ‘destruction of the cosmos’ inherited from ancient Greece, were Copernican heliocentrism and the substitution of a homogeneous universe for the hierarchical cosmos of the Platonic and Aristotelian tradition. Starting with a new approach to the issue of the presence of Islamic astronomical devices in Copernicus’ work and a thorough reappraisal of the cosmological views of Paracelsus, the book deals mainly with the abolition of cosmological dualism and the ways in which it affected the decline of astrology over the 17th century. Other related topics include planetary order and theories of world harmony, the cause of planetary motion in the Tychonic world system or the discussion on comets in Germany through the first presentation of a manuscript treatise by Michael Maestlin on the great comet of 1618.

By examining the pressing questions the supernova of 1604 prompted, Kepler’s New Star traces the enduring impact of Kepler and his star on the course of modern science.

This Encyclopedia offers a fresh, integrated and creative perspective on the formation and foundations of philosophy and science in European modernity. Combining careful contextual reconstruction with arguments from traditional philosophy, the book examines methodological dimensions, breaks down traditional oppositions such as rationalism vs. empiricism, calls attention to gender issues, to ‘insiders and outsiders’, minor figures in philosophy, and underground movements, among many other topics. In addition, and in line with important recent transformations in the fields of history of science and early modern philosophy, the volume recognizes the specificity and significance of early modern science and discusses important developments including issues of historiography (such as historical epistemology), the interplay between the material culture and modes of knowledge, expert knowledge and craft knowledge. This book stands at the crossroads of different disciplines and combines their approaches – particularly the history of science, the history of philosophy, contemporary philosophy of science, and intellectual and cultural history. It brings together over 100 philosophers, historians of science, historians of mathematics, and medicine offering a comprehensive view of early modern philosophy and the sciences. It combines and discusses recent results from two very active fields: early modern philosophy and the history of (early modern) science. Editorial Board EDITORS-IN-CHIEF Dana Jalobeanu University of Bucharest, Romania Charles T. Wolfe Ghent University, Belgium ASSOCIATE EDITORS Delphine Bellis University Nijmegen, The Netherlands Zvi Biener University of Cincinnati, OH, USA Angus Gowland University College London, UK Ruth Hagengruber University of Paderborn, Germany Hiro Hirai Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands Martin Lenz University of Groningen, The Netherlands Gideon Manning CalTech, Pasadena, CA, USA Silvia Manzo University of La Plata, Argentina Enrico Pasini University of Turin, Italy Cesare Pastorino TU Berlin, Germany Lucian Petrescu Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium Justin E. H. Smith University de Paris Diderot, France Marius Stan Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA Koen Vermeir CNRS-SPHERE + Université de Paris, France Kirsten Walsh University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada

This book derives and analyzes all solutions to the Kepler problem with dark energy (DE), presenting significant results such as: (a) all radial infinite motions obey Hubble’s law at large times; (b) all orbital infinite motions are asymptotically radial and obey Hubble’s law; (c) infinite orbital motions strongly dominate the finite ones. This clearly shows the effect of repulsive DE: In the classical Kepler problem, all orbital motions are finite for negative energies and infinite in the opposite case. Another DE effect is spatial localization of bounded orbits: mostly, they are within the equilibrium sphere, where the attractive Newtonian force outbalances the repulsive force of DE. This problem is of particular current interest due to recent studies of the local flows of galaxies showing domination of DE in their dynamics; the book discusses this observation in detail.

The Universe is built by a cosmic discipline I named the Cosmic Code and it was set to figures in the study Kepler formulated as a3 = T2k. Taking these figures I found the Universe forms gravity by a process that forms P....why does it grow from small to large...All the above phenomena science are unable to explain. Every one in science throughout many centuries ignored Johannes Kepler because all saw him as some derogative of Newton...until now. Kepler introduced space -time but nobody took the time to acknowledge Kepler's introduction. Kepler introduced space a3 - time T2k and showed that it is space a3 - time T2k that is performing gravity by relevance of k. Is our centuries long ignoring of Kepler truly the answer...Kepler introduced gravity by principle but no one in four hundred years took any notice of the manner in which Kepler brought gravity into human conception and understanding. Kepler calculated that it is the motion of space a3 during the time T2k that forms the gravity that is keeping the sun and all the individual planets apart but moreover gravity is keeping the planets in orbit. Gravity is the effort of independent objects to secure their position as the centre of the Universe by motion of space in space in relation to space by moving through space. I use Kepler to prove science because Nature proves Kepler and Kepler is annihilating Newton at every instant of science. All Kepler's charts prove one thing and that is that space a3 moves T2k. All space moves because the Universe is constantly changing form and formations as time forms and alters space. While moving outer space expands bringing about movement and material within combined structures such as stars contracts by spinning motion which is gravity, which is the opposite form of the expanding movement we find that outer space produces.The Universe is formed by heat that we call light and light is dark when it moves away from us (expanding or becoming bigger thus moving further apart and by that it is drawing visible light inwards) and light is bright when it moves towards us (concentrating by gravitational contraction because contraction makes the light denser) but everything in the Universe is a form of heat. I show that in the Universe there are two substances filling the Universe. The Entirety of the Universe is about the relevance of density variation. Individual movement of material occupying specific space is forming density in relevance to all other material moving at various but specific speeds and the faster any atom or material moves, the denser form the movement will make the material to be. Seeing relevancies apply in the picture above it is not the mass that increases but it is the density of the material within the star that increase by claiming less space to hold more material in an denser environment. As cosmic gas or also known as outer space expands it moves slower while the density decreases. The increase of the density of stars reducing space wile becoming denser with more material in less space comes about by more material within less space spinning faster because of reduced space bringing about faster circling of material within a smaller confined space. In contras outer space again is moving slower because the space increases through expanding and more space moves slower. This puts the applying relevance on material to move faster in relation to outer space moving slower and thus material becomes denser as it moves faster while it is in ratio with outer space expanding and thus moving slower. This ratio allows material to move faster and then contract more space in the form of heat from outer space, which is filled with non-material heat. As material compact it absorbs heat from outer space that loses density. That secures material growth and by reducing density secures outer space expanding.