Lateral Electromagnetic Waves

The propagation of waves along and across the boundary between two media with different characteristic velocities is much more complicated when the source is on or near the boundary than when it is far away and the incident waves are plane. Examples of waves generated by localized sources near a boundary are the electromagnetic waves from the currents in a dipole on the surface of the earth and the seismic waves from a slip event in a fault in the earth's crust like the San Andreas fault in California. Both involve a type of surface wave that is called a lateral wave in electro magnetics and a head wave in seismology. Since the two are analogous and the latter is more easily visualized, it is conveniently used here to introduce and describe this important type of surface wave using the data of Y. Ben Zion and P. Malin ("San Andreas Fault Zone Head Waves Near Parkfield, CA," Science 251, 1592-1594, 29 March 1991).

"Electromagnetic Fields in Stratified Media" deals with an important branch of electromagnetic theory, which has many useful applications in subsurface communication, radar, and geophysical prospecting and diagnostics. The book introduces to the electromagnetic theory and wave propagation in complex media, while presenting detailed models for various media: 3, 4, N-layered media, boundary conditions, and anisotropic media. In particular, the complete solutions for a trapped surface wave and lateral wave in a three- or four-layered region, the complete solutions for low frequency wave propagation over a spherical surface coated with a dielectric layer, and the transient field of a horizontal dipole in the boundary layer of two different media are presented. The book is designed for the scientists and engineers engaged in antennas and propagation, EM theory and applications. Dr. Kai Li is Professor at Zhejiang University.

International Series of Monographs in Electromagnetic Waves, Volume 11: Electromagnetic Wave Theory, Part 1 covers the proceedings of an International Scientific Radio Union (U.R.S.I.) Symposium on Electromagnetic Wave Theory. The book contains 61 chapters that are organized into three sections. The first section presents papers about wave propagation, which includes lateral waves; terrestrial waveguides; and plane waves in dissipative media. Next, the title reviews studies about wave guides, including basic properties of periodic waveguides; theoretical investigation of non-uniform waveguides; and waves in a coaxial line partially filled with plasma. The last section covers topics about surface waves, such as a dielectric prism in the corner of overmoded waveguide; lasers and optical communication systems; and microwave and laser resonators. The text will be of great use to researchers and practitioners of disciplines that study or utilize electromagnetic wave technologies, such as electrotechnics and electrical engineering.

This book deals with the SLF/ELF wave propagation, an important branch of electromagnetic theory. The SLF/ELF wave propagation theory is well applied in earthquake electromagnetic radiation, submarine communication, thunderstorm detection, and geophysical prospecting and diagnostics. The propagation of SLF/ELF electromagnetic waves is introduced in various media like the earth-ionospheric waveguide, ionospheric plasma, sea water, earth, and the boundary between two different media or the stratified media. Applications in the earthquake electromagnetic radiation and the submarine communications are also addressed. This book is intended for scientists and engineers in the fields of radio propagation and EM theory and applications. Prof. Pan is a professor at China Research Institute of Radiowave Propagation in Qingdao (China). Dr. Li is a professor at Zhejiang University in Hangzhou (China).

This book provides a comprehensive treatment of electromagnetic waves. The author's approach is thoroughly modern, and unlike many others, this text offers a unified view of electromagnetic waves and their applications in telecommunications, radar, and photonics. The extensive coverage of Electromagnetic Waves begins with Maxwell's equations and takes students on the journey from the wave and Helmholtz equations through polarization, plane waves, and wave beams and packets, to antennas, transmission lines, and waveguides. Completing the treatment are chapters devoted to diffraction and an introduction to the theory of coherence. The author strikes an effective balance of the teach-through-concepts and teach-by-example approaches. The book is filled with exercises, current applications, and exercises that solidify students' understanding and bring relevance to the material. It forms an outstanding text for senior undergraduates and graduate-level students in electrical engineering and physics.

Electromagnetic Radiation, Scattering, and Diffraction Discover a graduate-level text for students specializing in electromagnetic wave radiation, scattering, and diffraction for engineering applications In Electromagnetic Radiation, Scattering and Diffraction, distinguished authors Drs. Prabhakar H. Pathak and Robert J. Burkholder deliver a thorough exploration of the behavior of electromagnetic fields in radiation, scattering, and guided wave environments. The book tackles its subject from first principles and includes coverage of low and high frequencies. It stresses physical interpretations of the electromagnetic wave phenomena along with their underlying mathematics. The authors emphasize fundamental principles and provide numerous examples to illustrate the concepts contained within. Students with a limited undergraduate electromagnetic background will rapidly and systematically advance their understanding of electromagnetic wave theory until they can complete useful and important graduate-level work on electromagnetic wave problems. Electromagnetic Radiation, Scattering and Diffraction also serves as a practical companion for students trying to simulate problems with commercial EM software and trying to better interpret their results. Readers will also benefit from the breadth and depth of topics, such as: Basic equations governing all electromagnetic (EM) phenomena at macroscopic scales are presented systematically. Stationary and relativistic moving boundary conditions are developed. Waves in planar multilayered isotropic and anisotropic media are analyzed. EM theorems are introduced and applied to a variety of useful antenna problems. Modal techniques are presented for analyzing guided wave and periodic structures. Potential theory and Green's function methods are developed to treat interior and exterior EM problems. Asymptotic High Frequency methods are developed for evaluating radiation Integrals to extract ray fields. Edge and surface diffracted ray fields, as well as surface, leaky and lateral wave fields are obtained. A collective ray analysis for finite conformal antenna phased arrays is developed. EM beams are introduced and provide useful basis functions. Integral equations and their numerical solutions via the method of moments are developed. The fast multipole method is presented. Low frequency breakdown is studied. Characteristic modes are discussed. Perfect for graduate students studying electromagnetic theory, Electromagnetic Radiation, Scattering, and Diffraction is an invaluable resource for professional electromagnetic engineers and researchers working in this area.

Electromagnetism began in the nineteenth century when Faraday showed electricity and magnetism were not distinct, separate phenomena, but interacted when there were time-varying electric or magnetic fields. In Electricity and Magnetism I have shown from first principles how Faraday's experiments led finally to Maxwell's four equations, which with the electromagnetic-force law summarise the whole of classical electromagnetism. This book therefore begins with Maxwell's equations and then uses them to study the propagation and generation of electromagnetic waves. Physics is a subject in which the more advanced the treatment of a topic, the deeper the understanding of common occurrences that is revealed. In studying the solutions of Maxwell's equations you will find answers to such questions as: What is an electro magnetic wave? Why does a radio wave travel through space at the speed of light? How is a radio wave generated? Why does light pass through a straight tunnel when a radio wave does not? How does light travel down a curved glass fibre? It is a remarkable fact that the classical laws of electromagnetism are fully consistent with Einstein's special theory of relativity and this is discussed in Chapter 2. The following four chapters provide solutions of Maxwell's equations for the propagation of electro magnetic waves in free space, in dielectrics, across interfaces and in conductors respectively.