Lipoprotein Kinetics And Modeling

Lipoprotein Kinetics and Modeling contains some of the papers presented at a conference on the analysis and modeling of lipoprotein kinetic data held in Phoenix, Arizona. Contributions from both theorists and experimentalists who attended the conference focus on the developments in the use of mathematical modeling in analyzing the lipoprotein kinetics. The conference highlights the role of kinetic modeling in elucidating the dynamic processes involved in lipoprotein metabolism, the result of improper data analysis that can lead to erroneous physiological interpretations, and the emerging complexities in the lipoprotein system. Organized into six sections comprised of 37 chapters, this book begins with an overview of the theory and applications of kinetic analysis and modeling to lipoproteins. It then discusses the role of kinetic modeling in physiology, the kinetics of apoprotein B in humans, the use of kinetics in investigating the metabolism of very low and intermediate-density lipoproteins, and the models of plasma lipoprotein triglyceride kinetics. It explains the cholesterol kinetics and modeling, the kinetics of high density lipoprotein metabolism in humans, and various techniques for the analysis and modeling of lipoprotein kinetic data such as KABIS (kinetic analysis by interactive simulation) and CONSAM (conversational version of the SAAM modeling program). This book will be of interest to biologists, physiologists, clinical researchers and experts in computer technology and mathematics.

Kinetic models are becoming standard tools in the research of biological systems. They are used to represent hypotheses, analyze data, and design experiments to maximize the information obtained from a study. Kinetic Models of Trace Element and Mineral Metabolism During Development describes models for calcium, chromium, copper, iron, iodide, lead, mercury, selenium, zinc, and others in health and disease.

The past two decades have seen steady progress in our understanding of the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. The role of low density lipoprotein (LOL) increase and of LOL receptor deficiency or malfunctions in familial hypercholesterolemia has been largely enlightened by the works of Brown and Goldstein. These authors postulated also that modification of LOL to a form recognized by the scavenger or acetyl-LOL receptor may be required for lipid loading of macrophage-derived foam cells in the lesions. A growing body of evidence suggests that oxidative modification of LOL could enhance its atherogenicity by its implication as a factor in the generation of foam cells. Thus, if the role of LOL in the pathogenesis of hypercholesterolemia was well established a great deal of information appears currently on new approaches such as the mechanisms leading to the accumulation of foam cells, the impact of LOL structural alterations, notably oxidation and the role of gene mutations of apolipoprotein Band/or LOL receptor The opening topic is devoted to these new avenues outlined in the field of hypercholesterolemia. The first part concerns the genetic aspects of atherosclerosis: mainly the genetics of apo 1 ipoprote ins , their transcriptional regulation, the amino acid mutations of the apo B gene and of the LOL receptor gene, the structural domains and the acylation sites of apoprotein B.

Plasma lipoproteins constitute a unique macromolecular system of lipid-protein complexes responsible for the transport of lipids from their sites of origin to their sites of utilization either as metabolic fuel or as structural components of cell membranes. Although studies on the role of lipoproteins in the mechanism of lipid transport are meritorious in their own right, the ever-increasing interest in chemical and functional properties of this remarkable class of conjugated proteins stems from the impressive evidence of their direct involvement in the genesis and develop ment of atherosclerotic lesions. The initial emphasis on neutral lipids and phospholipids as the most characteristic constituents of operationally defined lipoprotein classes has shifted in recent years to their protein moieties or apolipoproteins. The discovery of a number of apolipoproteins and characterization of familial hypolipoproteinemias as apolipoprotein deficiency disorders indicated that apolipoproteins play an essential role in maintaining the structural stability and integrity of lipoprotein particles. In addition to their role in the formation of lipoproteins, apolipoproteins were shown to perform a variety of functions in metabolic conversion of lipoproteins and their interactions with cellular surfaces. Results from several laboratories have demonstrated that the chemical and metabolic heterogeneity of operationally-defined lipoprotein classes is due to the presence of several discrete lipoprotein particles with similar physical properties but different and characteristic apolipoprotein composition. Thus, the apolipoproteins have emerged not only as essential structural and functional constituents of lipoproteins but also as unique chemical markers for identifying and classifying lipoprotein particles.

The aim of the present volume was to give an overview over different available methodological approaches. The specialists may, perhaps, object that in their particular field the level of information is superficial. However, let them look at other chapters in which different approaches are discussed and which, surely, will appear less superficial from the more general point of view. We hope, at least, that crucial references can be traced throughout the book that would enable the readers to go in more detail when desired. It can be traced throughout the book that would enable the readers to go in more detail when desired. It was really one of our ideas to draw the survey of possibilities available. If this can stimulate the readers to use ideas to draw the survey of possibilities available. If this can stimulate the readers to use other methods that those they are routinely using the goals will be met.

Investigating Biological Systems Using Modeling describes how to apply software to analyze and interpret data from biological systems. It is written for students and investigators in lay person's terms, and will be a useful reference book and textbook on mathematical modeling in the design and interpretation of kinetic studies of biological systems. It describes the mathematical techniques of modeling and kinetic theory, and focuses on practical examples of analyzing data. The book also uses examples from the fields of physiology, biochemistry, nutrition, agriculture, pharmacology, and medicine. Contains practical descriptions of how to analyze kinetic data Provides examples of how to develop and use models Describes several software packages including SAAM/CONSAM Includes software with working models

This volume is the proceedings of the 7th Mathematical Modeling in Experimental Nutrition Conference held at Penn State University July 29 until August 1, 2000. The book addresses the determination of optimal intakes of nutrients and food components to provide lifelong health and reduce incidence of disease. Mathematical modelling provides a means of rigorously defining the functions of a system and using a variety of conditions to stimulate responses. This volume presents the newest advances in modelling and related experimental techniques required to meet the new challenges currently facing nutrition and biological science.