Mechanochemistry

Considerable advances have been made in mechanochemistry in the last couple of decades. Training of experts in this field with a background in materials science, chemical and mechanical engineering, etc. requires study of the fundamentals of mechanochemistry. There is a need for a textbook in the general and compressed form which would cover many aspects and would be used as a basis for understanding the fundamental principles to control mechanochemical phenomena. This textbook is based on lectures given by Prof Gutman in a graduate course in the mechanochemistry of materials at the Ben-Gurion University of the Negev. The book contains examples of experimental results to illustrate the mechanochemical phenomena and technologies Contents What is mechanochemistry of materials? Basic features of the behaviour of solids relevant to mechanochemical processes Irreversible thermodynamics of mechano-chemical reactions Kinetics of mechanochemical reactions under different stress state Main types of heterogeneous mechano-chemical reactions Mechanoelectrical phenomena and mechano-emission Application of mechanochemistry in materials engineering

Mechanochemistry as a branch of solid state chemistry enquires into processes which proceed in solids due to the application of mechanical energy. This provides a thorough, up to date overview of mechanochemistry of solids and minerals. Applications of mechanochemistry in nanoscience with special impact on nanogeoscience are described. Selected advanced identification methods, most frequently applied in nanoscience, are described as well as the advantage of mechanochemical approach in minerals engineering. Examples of industrial applications are given. Mechanochemical technology is being applied in many industrial fields: powder metallurgy (synthesis of nanometals, alloys and nanocompounds), building industry (activation of cements), chemical industry (solid waste treatment, catalyst synthesis, coal ashes utilization), minerals engineering (ore enrichment, enhancement of processes of extractive metallurgy), agriculture industry (solubility increase of fertilizers), and pharmaceutical industry (improvement of solubility and bioavailability of drugs). This reference serves as an introduction to newcomers to mechanochemistry, and encourages more experienced researchers to broaden their knowledge and discover novel applications in the field.

This book is an extremely detailed account of all aspects of macromolecular mechanochemistry and will be of great interest to all experts in this area of rapidly advancing mechanochemistry. Mechanochemical transformations are the subject of increasing attention in solid state chemistry, physics and materials science as well as in development of advanced technologies. They have been discussed at a number of symposia on mechanochemistry and mechanical alloying in various countries. The book is divided into the following sections: Polystage feature of mechanochemical process Polymer mechanochemistry deformation Mechanodegradation Influence of some factors on mechanochemical degradation Effect of mechanodegradation on the structure and properties of polymers Polymer fracture Fracture of composite materials

Organic Mechanochemistry and Its Practical Applications gathers physical and organic chemistry-based molecular principles, evolving interpretations of scientific data, and real world applications to demonstrate the synthetic advantages of mechanically initiated organic reactions. This book considers transformations of organic substances upon mechanical actions and explains how mechanical energy is transformed into chemical driving force. The author, a renowned expert in physical and organic chemistry, carefully examines the concurrent chemical and physical processes—particularly polymerization and dynamic shearing—that involve organic substances and inorganic surfaces during lubrication. Dr. Todres discusses the various factors that affect boundary lubrication, such as material properties, chemical reactivity, pressure, and temperature. The book describes conformational transformations and structural phase transitions of organic molecules and working materials that take place under mechanical forces, such as drilling, grinding, friction, and shearing, and shock-waves. Other key topics include mechanochromism, tribopolymerization, mechanical activation of organic reactions, and the peculiarities of catalytic effects in organic mechanochemistry. Throughout the text, the author highlights novel technical applications of mechanochemical phenomena in a variety of fields, including lubrication, biomedical engineering, pharmaceutical drug formulation, environmental protection, and practical economy. Organic Mechanochemistry and Its Practical Applications reveals how mechanochemistry was inspired by principles in various disciplines to create innovative approaches for current challenges in these fields.

Mechanochemistry has been recently ackwnoledged by IUPAC as one of the top ten emerging technologies in chemistry, answering to the increased demand for clean processes and sustainable reaction conditions. This book focuses on the rediscovery of mechanochemistry for inorganic, organic and organo-metallic materials. Focus on experimental techniques and equipment will show how to implement mechanochemistry as an innovative way to sustainability in academic laboratories. The contents are ideal for researchers starting off in industry and academia, as well as advanced students.

Mechanochemistry has been recently ackwnoledged by IUPAC as one of the top ten emerging technologies in chemistry, answering to the increased demand for clean processes and sustainable reaction conditions. This book focuses on the rediscovery of mechanochemistry for inorganic, organic and organo-metallic materials. Focus on experimental techniques and equipment will show how to implement mechanochemistry as an innovative way to sustainability in academic laboratories. The contents are ideal for researchers starting off in industry and academia, as well as advanced students.

The series Topics in Current Chemistry presents critical reviews of the present and future trends in modern chemical research. The scope of coverage is all areas of chemical science including the interfaces with related disciplines such as biology, medicine and materials science. The goal of each thematic volume is to give the non-specialist reader, whether in academia or industry, a comprehensive insight into an area where new research is emerging which is of interest to a larger scientific audience. Each review within the volume critically surveys one aspect of that topic and places it within the context of the volume as a whole. The most significant developments of the last 5 to 10 years are presented using selected examples to illustrate the principles discussed. The coverage is not intended to be an exhaustive summary of the field or include large quantities of data, but should rather be conceptual, concentrating on the methodological thinking that will allow the non-specialist reader to understand the information presented. Contributions also offer an outlook on potential future developments in the field. Review articles for the individual volumes are invited by the volume editors. Readership: research chemists at universities or in industry, graduate students.

This book provides a comprehensive overview on mechanochemistry including its history, high-energy ball milling process, equipment used and fundamentals behind the observed scientific phenomena. It also shows that mechanochemistry is highly applicable in the field of waste treatment. The text reviews 1017 studies utilizing mostly high-energy ball milling for the treatment of various types of consumer, technogenic and agricultural waste. The text is divided into chapters based on individual waste types. The book presents an Appendix compiling all studies arranged according to the application that the recycled waste is meant for. In this way, readers from both academia and companies interested either in the treatment of a particular waste, or particular application might easily locate sections of interest.